diff --git a/lib/common/rules.c b/lib/common/rules.c
index a009b248a3..4acae86eaf 100644
--- a/lib/common/rules.c
+++ b/lib/common/rules.c
@@ -1,1195 +1,1224 @@
 /*
  * Copyright 2004-2024 the Pacemaker project contributors
  *
  * The version control history for this file may have further details.
  *
  * This source code is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License
  * version 2.1 or later (LGPLv2.1+) WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
  */
 
 #include <crm_internal.h>
 
 #include <stdio.h>                          // NULL, size_t
 #include <stdbool.h>                        // bool
 #include <ctype.h>                          // isdigit()
 #include <regex.h>                          // regmatch_t
 #include <stdint.h>                         // uint32_t
 #include <inttypes.h>                       // PRIu32
 #include <glib.h>                           // gboolean, FALSE
 #include <libxml/tree.h>                    // xmlNode
 
 #include <crm/common/scheduler.h>
 
 #include <crm/common/iso8601_internal.h>
 #include <crm/common/nvpair_internal.h>
 #include <crm/common/scheduler_internal.h>
 #include "crmcommon_private.h"
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Get the expression type corresponding to given expression XML
  *
  * \param[in] expr  Rule expression XML
  *
  * \return Expression type corresponding to \p expr
  */
 enum expression_type
 pcmk__expression_type(const xmlNode *expr)
 {
     const char *name = NULL;
 
     // Expression types based on element name
 
     if (pcmk__xe_is(expr, PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION)) {
         return pcmk__subexpr_datetime;
 
     } else if (pcmk__xe_is(expr, PCMK_XE_RSC_EXPRESSION)) {
         return pcmk__subexpr_resource;
 
     } else if (pcmk__xe_is(expr, PCMK_XE_OP_EXPRESSION)) {
         return pcmk__subexpr_operation;
 
     } else if (pcmk__xe_is(expr, PCMK_XE_RULE)) {
         return pcmk__subexpr_rule;
 
     } else if (!pcmk__xe_is(expr, PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION)) {
         return pcmk__subexpr_unknown;
     }
 
     // Expression types based on node attribute name
 
     name = crm_element_value(expr, PCMK_XA_ATTRIBUTE);
 
     if (pcmk__str_any_of(name, CRM_ATTR_UNAME, CRM_ATTR_KIND, CRM_ATTR_ID,
                          NULL)) {
         return pcmk__subexpr_location;
     }
 
     return pcmk__subexpr_attribute;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Get parent XML element's ID for logging purposes
  *
  * \param[in] xml  XML of a subelement
  *
  * \return ID of \p xml's parent for logging purposes (guaranteed non-NULL)
  */
 static const char *
 loggable_parent_id(const xmlNode *xml)
 {
     // Default if called without parent (likely for unit testing)
     const char *parent_id = "implied";
 
     if ((xml != NULL) && (xml->parent != NULL)) {
         parent_id = pcmk__xe_id(xml->parent);
         if (parent_id == NULL) { // Not possible with schema validation enabled
             parent_id = "without ID";
         }
     }
     return parent_id;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Get the moon phase corresponding to a given date/time
  *
  * \param[in] now  Date/time to get moon phase for
  *
  * \return Phase of the moon corresponding to \p now, where 0 is the new moon
  *         and 7 is the full moon
  * \deprecated This feature has been deprecated since 2.1.6.
  */
 static int
 phase_of_the_moon(const crm_time_t *now)
 {
     /* As per the nethack rules:
      * - A moon period is 29.53058 days ~= 30
      * - A year is 365.2422 days
      * - Number of days moon phase advances on first day of year compared to
      *   preceding year is (365.2422 - 12 * 29.53058) ~= 11
      * - Number of years until same phases fall on the same days of the month
      *   is 18.6 ~= 19
      * - Moon phase on first day of year (epact) ~= (11 * (year%19) + 29) % 30
      *   (29 as initial condition)
      * - Current phase in days = first day phase + days elapsed in year
      * - 6 moons ~= 177 days ~= 8 reported phases * 22 (+ 11/22 for rounding)
      */
     uint32_t epact, diy, goldn;
     uint32_t y;
 
     crm_time_get_ordinal(now, &y, &diy);
     goldn = (y % 19) + 1;
     epact = (11 * goldn + 18) % 30;
     if (((epact == 25) && (goldn > 11)) || (epact == 24)) {
         epact++;
     }
     return (((((diy + epact) * 6) + 11) % 177) / 22) & 7;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Check an integer value against a range from a date specification
  *
  * \param[in] date_spec  XML of PCMK_XE_DATE_SPEC element to check
  * \param[in] id         XML ID for logging purposes
  * \param[in] attr       Name of XML attribute with range to check against
  * \param[in] value      Value to compare against range
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code (specifically, pcmk_rc_before_range,
  *         pcmk_rc_after_range, or pcmk_rc_ok to indicate that result is either
  *         within range or undetermined)
  * \note We return pcmk_rc_ok for an undetermined result so we can continue
  *       checking the next range attribute.
  */
 static int
 check_range(const xmlNode *date_spec, const char *id, const char *attr,
             uint32_t value)
 {
     int rc = pcmk_rc_ok;
     const char *range = crm_element_value(date_spec, attr);
     long long low, high;
 
     if (range == NULL) { // Attribute not present
         goto bail;
     }
 
     if (pcmk__parse_ll_range(range, &low, &high) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         // Invalid range
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility, treat
          * the entire rule as not passing.
          */
         pcmk__config_err("Ignoring " PCMK_XE_DATE_SPEC
                          " %s attribute %s because '%s' is not a valid range",
                          id, attr, range);
 
     } else if ((low != -1) && (value < low)) {
         rc = pcmk_rc_before_range;
 
     } else if ((high != -1) && (value > high)) {
         rc = pcmk_rc_after_range;
     }
 
 bail:
     crm_trace("Checked " PCMK_XE_DATE_SPEC " %s %s='%s' for %" PRIu32 ": %s",
               id, attr, pcmk__s(range, ""), value, pcmk_rc_str(rc));
     return rc;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Evaluate a date specification for a given date/time
  *
  * \param[in] date_spec  XML of PCMK_XE_DATE_SPEC element to evaluate
  * \param[in] now        Time to check
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code (specifically, EINVAL for NULL
  *         arguments, pcmk_rc_ok if time matches specification, or
  *         pcmk_rc_before_range, pcmk_rc_after_range, or pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied
  *         as appropriate to how time relates to specification)
  */
 int
 pcmk__evaluate_date_spec(const xmlNode *date_spec, const crm_time_t *now)
 {
     const char *id = NULL;
     const char *parent_id = loggable_parent_id(date_spec);
 
     // Range attributes that can be specified for a PCMK_XE_DATE_SPEC element
     struct range {
         const char *attr;
         uint32_t value;
     } ranges[] = {
         { PCMK_XA_YEARS, 0U },
         { PCMK_XA_MONTHS, 0U },
         { PCMK_XA_MONTHDAYS, 0U },
         { PCMK_XA_HOURS, 0U },
         { PCMK_XA_MINUTES, 0U },
         { PCMK_XA_SECONDS, 0U },
         { PCMK_XA_YEARDAYS, 0U },
         { PCMK_XA_WEEKYEARS, 0U },
         { PCMK_XA_WEEKS, 0U },
         { PCMK_XA_WEEKDAYS, 0U },
         { PCMK__XA_MOON, 0U },
     };
 
     if ((date_spec == NULL) || (now == NULL)) {
         return EINVAL;
     }
 
     // Get specification ID (for logging)
     id = pcmk__xe_id(date_spec);
     if (pcmk__str_empty(id)) { // Not possible with schema validation enabled
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * fail the specification
          */
         pcmk__config_warn(PCMK_XE_DATE_SPEC " subelement of "
                           PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " %s has no " PCMK_XA_ID,
                           parent_id);
         id = "without ID"; // for logging
     }
 
     // Year, month, day
     crm_time_get_gregorian(now, &(ranges[0].value), &(ranges[1].value),
                            &(ranges[2].value));
 
     // Hour, minute, second
     crm_time_get_timeofday(now, &(ranges[3].value), &(ranges[4].value),
                            &(ranges[5].value));
 
     // Year (redundant) and day of year
     crm_time_get_ordinal(now, &(ranges[0].value), &(ranges[6].value));
 
     // Week year, week of week year, day of week
     crm_time_get_isoweek(now, &(ranges[7].value), &(ranges[8].value),
                          &(ranges[9].value));
 
     // Moon phase (deprecated)
     ranges[10].value = phase_of_the_moon(now);
     if (crm_element_value(date_spec, PCMK__XA_MOON) != NULL) {
         pcmk__config_warn("Support for '" PCMK__XA_MOON "' in "
                           PCMK_XE_DATE_SPEC " elements (such as %s) is "
                           "deprecated and will be removed in a future release "
                           "of Pacemaker", id);
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < PCMK__NELEM(ranges); ++i) {
         int rc = check_range(date_spec, id, ranges[i].attr, ranges[i].value);
 
         if (rc != pcmk_rc_ok) {
             return rc;
         }
     }
 
     // All specified ranges passed, or none were given (also considered a pass)
     return pcmk_rc_ok;
 }
 
 #define ADD_COMPONENT(component) do {                                       \
         int sub_rc = pcmk__add_time_from_xml(*end, component, duration);    \
         if (sub_rc != pcmk_rc_ok) {                                         \
             /* @COMPAT return sub_rc when we can break compatibility */     \
             pcmk__config_warn("Ignoring %s in " PCMK_XE_DURATION " %s "     \
                               "because it is invalid",                      \
                               pcmk__time_component_attr(component), id);    \
             rc = sub_rc;                                                    \
         }                                                                   \
     } while (0)
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Given a duration and a start time, calculate the end time
  *
  * \param[in]  duration  XML of PCMK_XE_DURATION element
  * \param[in]  start     Start time
  * \param[out] end       Where to store end time (\p *end must be NULL
  *                       initially)
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  * \note The caller is responsible for freeing \p *end using crm_time_free().
  */
 int
 pcmk__unpack_duration(const xmlNode *duration, const crm_time_t *start,
                       crm_time_t **end)
 {
     int rc = pcmk_rc_ok;
     const char *id = NULL;
     const char *parent_id = loggable_parent_id(duration);
 
     if ((start == NULL) || (duration == NULL)
         || (end == NULL) || (*end != NULL)) {
         return EINVAL;
     }
 
     // Get duration ID (for logging)
     id = pcmk__xe_id(duration);
     if (pcmk__str_empty(id)) { // Not possible with schema validation enabled
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * return pcmk_rc_unpack_error instead
          */
         pcmk__config_warn(PCMK_XE_DURATION " subelement of "
                           PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " %s has no " PCMK_XA_ID,
                           parent_id);
         id = "without ID";
     }
 
     *end = pcmk_copy_time(start);
 
     ADD_COMPONENT(pcmk__time_years);
     ADD_COMPONENT(pcmk__time_months);
     ADD_COMPONENT(pcmk__time_weeks);
     ADD_COMPONENT(pcmk__time_days);
     ADD_COMPONENT(pcmk__time_hours);
     ADD_COMPONENT(pcmk__time_minutes);
     ADD_COMPONENT(pcmk__time_seconds);
 
     return rc;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Evaluate a range check for a given date/time
  *
  * \param[in]     date_expression  XML of PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION element
  * \param[in]     id               Expression ID for logging purposes
  * \param[in]     now              Date/time to compare
  * \param[in,out] next_change      If not NULL, set this to when the evaluation
  *                                 will change, if known and earlier than the
  *                                 original value
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  */
 static int
 evaluate_in_range(const xmlNode *date_expression, const char *id,
                   const crm_time_t *now, crm_time_t *next_change)
 {
     crm_time_t *start = NULL;
     crm_time_t *end = NULL;
 
     if (pcmk__xe_get_datetime(date_expression, PCMK_XA_START,
                               &start) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * return pcmk_rc_unpack_error
          */
         pcmk__config_warn("Ignoring " PCMK_XA_START " in "
                           PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " %s because it is invalid",
                           id);
     }
 
     if (pcmk__xe_get_datetime(date_expression, PCMK_XA_END,
                               &end) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * return pcmk_rc_unpack_error
          */
         pcmk__config_warn("Ignoring " PCMK_XA_END " in "
                           PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " %s because it is invalid",
                           id);
     }
 
     if ((start == NULL) && (end == NULL)) {
         // Not possible with schema validation enabled
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * return pcmk_rc_unpack_error
          */
         pcmk__config_warn("Treating " PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " %s as not "
                           "passing because in_range requires at least one of "
                           PCMK_XA_START " or " PCMK_XA_END, id);
         return pcmk_rc_undetermined;
     }
 
     if (end == NULL) {
         xmlNode *duration = pcmk__xe_first_child(date_expression,
                                                  PCMK_XE_DURATION, NULL, NULL);
 
         if (duration != NULL) {
             /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
              * return the result of this if not OK
              */
             pcmk__unpack_duration(duration, start, &end);
         }
     }
 
     if ((start != NULL) && (crm_time_compare(now, start) < 0)) {
         pcmk__set_time_if_earlier(next_change, start);
         crm_time_free(start);
         crm_time_free(end);
         return pcmk_rc_before_range;
     }
 
     if (end != NULL) {
         if (crm_time_compare(now, end) > 0) {
             crm_time_free(start);
             crm_time_free(end);
             return pcmk_rc_after_range;
         }
 
         // Evaluation doesn't change until second after end
         if (next_change != NULL) {
             crm_time_add_seconds(end, 1);
             pcmk__set_time_if_earlier(next_change, end);
         }
     }
 
     crm_time_free(start);
     crm_time_free(end);
     return pcmk_rc_within_range;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Evaluate a greater-than check for a given date/time
  *
  * \param[in]     date_expression  XML of PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION element
  * \param[in]     id               Expression ID for logging purposes
  * \param[in]     now              Date/time to compare
  * \param[in,out] next_change      If not NULL, set this to when the evaluation
  *                                 will change, if known and earlier than the
  *                                 original value
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  */
 static int
 evaluate_gt(const xmlNode *date_expression, const char *id,
             const crm_time_t *now, crm_time_t *next_change)
 {
     crm_time_t *start = NULL;
 
     if (pcmk__xe_get_datetime(date_expression, PCMK_XA_START,
                               &start) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * return pcmk_rc_unpack_error
          */
         pcmk__config_warn("Treating " PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " %s as not "
                           "passing because " PCMK_XA_START " is invalid",
                           id);
         return pcmk_rc_undetermined;
     }
 
     if (start == NULL) { // Not possible with schema validation enabled
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * return pcmk_rc_unpack_error
          */
         pcmk__config_warn("Treating " PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " %s as not "
                           "passing because " PCMK_VALUE_GT " requires "
                           PCMK_XA_START, id);
         return pcmk_rc_undetermined;
     }
 
     if (crm_time_compare(now, start) > 0) {
         crm_time_free(start);
         return pcmk_rc_within_range;
     }
 
     // Evaluation doesn't change until second after start time
     crm_time_add_seconds(start, 1);
     pcmk__set_time_if_earlier(next_change, start);
     crm_time_free(start);
     return pcmk_rc_before_range;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Evaluate a less-than check for a given date/time
  *
  * \param[in]     date_expression  XML of PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION element
  * \param[in]     id               Expression ID for logging purposes
  * \param[in]     now              Date/time to compare
  * \param[in,out] next_change      If not NULL, set this to when the evaluation
  *                                 will change, if known and earlier than the
  *                                 original value
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  */
 static int
 evaluate_lt(const xmlNode *date_expression, const char *id,
             const crm_time_t *now, crm_time_t *next_change)
 {
     crm_time_t *end = NULL;
 
     if (pcmk__xe_get_datetime(date_expression, PCMK_XA_END,
                               &end) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * return pcmk_rc_unpack_error
          */
         pcmk__config_warn("Treating " PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " %s as not "
                           "passing because " PCMK_XA_END " is invalid", id);
         return pcmk_rc_undetermined;
     }
 
     if (end == NULL) { // Not possible with schema validation enabled
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * return pcmk_rc_unpack_error
          */
         pcmk__config_warn("Treating " PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " %s as not "
                           "passing because " PCMK_VALUE_GT " requires "
                           PCMK_XA_END, id);
         return pcmk_rc_undetermined;
     }
 
     if (crm_time_compare(now, end) < 0) {
         pcmk__set_time_if_earlier(next_change, end);
         crm_time_free(end);
         return pcmk_rc_within_range;
     }
 
     crm_time_free(end);
     return pcmk_rc_after_range;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Evaluate a rule's date expression for a given date/time
  *
  * \param[in]     date_expression  XML of a PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION element
  * \param[in]     now              Time to use for evaluation
  * \param[in,out] next_change      If not NULL, set this to when the evaluation
  *                                 will change, if known and earlier than the
  *                                 original value
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code (unlike most other evaluation
  *         functions, this can return either pcmk_rc_ok or pcmk_rc_within_range
  *         on success)
  */
 int
 pcmk__evaluate_date_expression(const xmlNode *date_expression,
                                const crm_time_t *now, crm_time_t *next_change)
 {
     const char *id = NULL;
     const char *op = NULL;
     int rc = pcmk_rc_undetermined;
 
     if ((date_expression == NULL) || (now == NULL)) {
         return EINVAL;
     }
 
     // Get expression ID (for logging)
     id = pcmk__xe_id(date_expression);
     if (pcmk__str_empty(id)) { // Not possible with schema validation enabled
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * return pcmk_rc_unpack_error
          */
         pcmk__config_warn(PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " element has no "
                           PCMK_XA_ID);
         id = "without ID"; // for logging
     }
 
     op = crm_element_value(date_expression, PCMK_XA_OPERATION);
     if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_IN_RANGE,
                      pcmk__str_null_matches|pcmk__str_casei)) {
         rc = evaluate_in_range(date_expression, id, now, next_change);
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_DATE_SPEC, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         xmlNode *date_spec = pcmk__xe_first_child(date_expression,
                                                   PCMK_XE_DATE_SPEC, NULL,
                                                   NULL);
 
         if (date_spec == NULL) { // Not possible with schema validation enabled
             /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
              * return pcmk_rc_unpack_error
              */
             pcmk__config_warn("Treating " PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " %s "
                               "as not passing because " PCMK_VALUE_DATE_SPEC
                               " operations require a " PCMK_XE_DATE_SPEC
                               " subelement", id);
         } else {
             // @TODO set next_change appropriately
             rc = pcmk__evaluate_date_spec(date_spec, now);
         }
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_GT, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         rc = evaluate_gt(date_expression, id, now, next_change);
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_LT, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         rc = evaluate_lt(date_expression, id, now, next_change);
 
     } else { // Not possible with schema validation enabled
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * return pcmk_rc_unpack_error
          */
         pcmk__config_warn("Treating " PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION
                           " %s as not passing because '%s' is not a valid "
                           PCMK_XE_OPERATION, op);
     }
 
     crm_trace(PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION " %s (%s): %s (%d)",
               id, op, pcmk_rc_str(rc), rc);
     return rc;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Go through submatches in a string, either counting how many bytes
  *        would be needed for the expansion, or performing the expansion,
  *        as requested
  *
  * \param[in]  string      String possibly containing submatch variables
  * \param[in]  match       String that matched the regular expression
  * \param[in]  submatches  Regular expression submatches (as set by regexec())
  * \param[in]  nmatches    Number of entries in \p submatches[]
  * \param[out] expansion   If not NULL, expand string here (must be
  *                         pre-allocated to appropriate size)
  * \param[out] nbytes      If not NULL, set to size needed for expansion
  *
  * \return true if any expansion is needed, otherwise false
  */
 static bool
 process_submatches(const char *string, const char *match,
                    const regmatch_t submatches[], int nmatches,
                    char *expansion, size_t *nbytes)
 {
     bool expanded = false;
     const char *src = string;
 
     if (nbytes != NULL) {
         *nbytes = 1; // Include space for terminator
     }
 
     while (*src != '\0') {
         int submatch = 0;
         size_t match_len = 0;
 
         if ((src[0] != '%') || !isdigit(src[1])) {
             /* src does not point to the first character of a %N sequence,
              * so expand this character as-is
              */
             if (expansion != NULL) {
                 *expansion++ = *src;
             }
             if (nbytes != NULL) {
                 ++(*nbytes);
             }
             ++src;
             continue;
         }
 
         submatch = src[1] - '0';
         src += 2; // Skip over %N sequence in source string
         expanded = true; // Expansion will be different from source
 
         // Omit sequence from expansion unless it has a non-empty match
         if ((nmatches <= submatch)                // Not enough submatches
             || (submatches[submatch].rm_so < 0)   // Pattern did not match
             || (submatches[submatch].rm_eo
                 <= submatches[submatch].rm_so)) { // Match was empty
             continue;
         }
 
         match_len = submatches[submatch].rm_eo - submatches[submatch].rm_so;
         if (nbytes != NULL) {
             *nbytes += match_len;
         }
         if (expansion != NULL) {
             memcpy(expansion, match + submatches[submatch].rm_so,
                    match_len);
             expansion += match_len;
         }
     }
 
     return expanded;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Expand any regular expression submatches (%0-%9) in a string
  *
  * \param[in] string      String possibly containing submatch variables
  * \param[in] match       String that matched the regular expression
  * \param[in] submatches  Regular expression submatches (as set by regexec())
  * \param[in] nmatches    Number of entries in \p submatches[]
  *
  * \return Newly allocated string identical to \p string with submatches
  *         expanded on success, or NULL if no expansions were needed
  * \note The caller is responsible for freeing the result with free()
  */
 char *
 pcmk__replace_submatches(const char *string, const char *match,
                          const regmatch_t submatches[], int nmatches)
 {
     size_t nbytes = 0;
     char *result = NULL;
 
     if (pcmk__str_empty(string) || pcmk__str_empty(match)) {
         return NULL; // Nothing to expand
     }
 
     // Calculate how much space will be needed for expanded string
     if (!process_submatches(string, match, submatches, nmatches, NULL,
                             &nbytes)) {
         return NULL; // No expansions needed
     }
 
     // Allocate enough space for expanded string
     result = pcmk__assert_alloc(nbytes, sizeof(char));
 
     // Expand submatches
     (void) process_submatches(string, match, submatches, nmatches, result,
                               NULL);
     return result;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Parse a comparison type from a string
  *
  * \param[in] op  String with comparison type (valid values are
  *                \c PCMK_VALUE_DEFINED, \c PCMK_VALUE_NOT_DEFINED,
  *                \c PCMK_VALUE_EQ, \c PCMK_VALUE_NE,
  *                \c PCMK_VALUE_LT, \c PCMK_VALUE_LTE,
  *                \c PCMK_VALUE_GT, or \c PCMK_VALUE_GTE)
  *
  * \return Comparison type corresponding to \p op
  */
 enum pcmk__comparison
 pcmk__parse_comparison(const char *op)
 {
     if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_DEFINED, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__comparison_defined;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_NOT_DEFINED, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__comparison_undefined;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_EQ, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__comparison_eq;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_NE, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__comparison_ne;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_LT, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__comparison_lt;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_LTE, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__comparison_lte;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_GT, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__comparison_gt;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(op, PCMK_VALUE_GTE, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__comparison_gte;
     }
 
     return pcmk__comparison_unknown;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Parse a value type from a string
  *
  * \param[in] type    String with value type (valid values are NULL,
  *                    \c PCMK_VALUE_STRING, \c PCMK_VALUE_INTEGER,
  *                    \c PCMK_VALUE_NUMBER, and \c PCMK_VALUE_VERSION)
  * \param[in] op      Operation type (used only to select default)
  * \param[in] value1  First value being compared (used only to select default)
  * \param[in] value2  Second value being compared (used only to select default)
  */
 enum pcmk__type
 pcmk__parse_type(const char *type, enum pcmk__comparison op,
                  const char *value1, const char *value2)
 {
     if (type == NULL) {
         switch (op) {
             case pcmk__comparison_lt:
             case pcmk__comparison_lte:
             case pcmk__comparison_gt:
             case pcmk__comparison_gte:
                 if (((value1 != NULL) && (strchr(value1, '.') != NULL))
                     || ((value2 != NULL) && (strchr(value2, '.') != NULL))) {
                     return pcmk__type_number;
                 }
                 return pcmk__type_integer;
 
             default:
                 return pcmk__type_string;
         }
     }
 
     if (pcmk__str_eq(type, PCMK_VALUE_STRING, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__type_string;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(type, PCMK_VALUE_INTEGER, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__type_integer;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(type, PCMK_VALUE_NUMBER, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__type_number;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(type, PCMK_VALUE_VERSION, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__type_version;
     }
 
     return pcmk__type_unknown;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Compare two strings according to a given type
  *
  * \param[in] value1  String with first value to compare
  * \param[in] value2  String with second value to compare
  * \param[in] type    How to interpret the values
  *
  * \return Standard comparison result (a negative integer if \p value1 is
  *         lesser, 0 if the values are equal, and a positive integer if
  *         \p value1 is greater)
  */
 int
 pcmk__cmp_by_type(const char *value1, const char *value2, enum pcmk__type type)
 {
     //  NULL compares as less than non-NULL
     if (value2 == NULL) {
         return (value1 == NULL)? 0 : 1;
     }
     if (value1 == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
 
     switch (type) {
         case pcmk__type_string:
             return strcasecmp(value1, value2);
 
         case pcmk__type_integer:
             {
                 long long integer1;
                 long long integer2;
 
                 if ((pcmk__scan_ll(value1, &integer1, 0LL) != pcmk_rc_ok)
                     || (pcmk__scan_ll(value2, &integer2, 0LL) != pcmk_rc_ok)) {
                     crm_warn("Comparing '%s' and '%s' as strings because "
                              "invalid as integers", value1, value2);
                     return strcasecmp(value1, value2);
                 }
                 return (integer1 < integer2)? -1 : (integer1 > integer2)? 1 : 0;
             }
             break;
 
         case pcmk__type_number:
             {
                 double num1;
                 double num2;
 
                 if ((pcmk__scan_double(value1, &num1, NULL, NULL) != pcmk_rc_ok)
                     || (pcmk__scan_double(value2, &num2, NULL,
                                           NULL) != pcmk_rc_ok)) {
                     crm_warn("Comparing '%s' and '%s' as strings because invalid as "
                              "numbers", value1, value2);
                     return strcasecmp(value1, value2);
                 }
                 return (num1 < num2)? -1 : (num1 > num2)? 1 : 0;
             }
             break;
 
         case pcmk__type_version:
             return compare_version(value1, value2);
 
         default: // Invalid type
             return 0;
     }
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Parse a reference value source from a string
  *
  * \param[in] source  String indicating reference value source
  *
  * \return Reference value source corresponding to \p source
  */
 enum pcmk__reference_source
 pcmk__parse_source(const char *source)
 {
     if (pcmk__str_eq(source, PCMK_VALUE_LITERAL,
                      pcmk__str_casei|pcmk__str_null_matches)) {
         return pcmk__source_literal;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(source, PCMK_VALUE_PARAM, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__source_instance_attrs;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_eq(source, PCMK_VALUE_META, pcmk__str_casei)) {
         return pcmk__source_meta_attrs;
 
     } else {
         return pcmk__source_unknown;
     }
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Get the result of a node attribute comparison for rule evaluation
  *
  * \param[in] actual      Actual node attribute value
  * \param[in] reference   Node attribute value from rule (ignored for
  *                        \p comparison of \c pcmk__comparison_defined or
  *                        \c pcmk__comparison_undefined)
  * \param[in] type        How to interpret the values
  * \param[in] comparison  How to compare the values
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code (specifically, \c pcmk_rc_ok if the
  *         comparison passes, and some other value if it does not)
  */
 static int
 evaluate_attr_comparison(const char *actual, const char *reference,
                          enum pcmk__type type, enum pcmk__comparison comparison)
 {
     int cmp = 0;
 
     switch (comparison) {
         case pcmk__comparison_defined:
             return (actual != NULL)? pcmk_rc_ok : pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied;
 
         case pcmk__comparison_undefined:
             return (actual == NULL)? pcmk_rc_ok : pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied;
 
         default:
             break;
     }
 
     cmp = pcmk__cmp_by_type(actual, reference, type);
 
     switch (comparison) {
         case pcmk__comparison_eq:
             return (cmp == 0)? pcmk_rc_ok : pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied;
 
         case pcmk__comparison_ne:
             return (cmp != 0)? pcmk_rc_ok : pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied;
 
         default:
             break;
     }
 
     if ((actual == NULL) || (reference == NULL)) {
         return pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied; // Comparison would be meaningless
     }
 
     switch (comparison) {
         case pcmk__comparison_lt:
             return (cmp < 0)? pcmk_rc_ok : pcmk_rc_after_range;
 
         case pcmk__comparison_lte:
             return (cmp <= 0)? pcmk_rc_ok : pcmk_rc_after_range;
 
         case pcmk__comparison_gt:
             return (cmp > 0)? pcmk_rc_ok : pcmk_rc_before_range;
 
         case pcmk__comparison_gte:
             return (cmp >= 0)? pcmk_rc_ok : pcmk_rc_before_range;
 
         default: // Not possible with schema validation enabled
             return pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied;
     }
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Get a reference value from a configured source
  *
  * \param[in] value       Value given in rule expression
  * \param[in] source      Reference value source
  * \param[in] rule_input  Values used to evaluate rule criteria
  */
 static const char *
 value_from_source(const char *value, enum pcmk__reference_source source,
                   const pcmk_rule_input_t *rule_input)
 {
     GHashTable *table = NULL;
 
     if (pcmk__str_empty(value)) {
         /* @COMPAT When we can break backward compatibility, drop this block so
          * empty strings are treated as such (there should never be an empty
          * string as an instance attribute or meta-attribute name, so those will
          * get NULL anyway, but it could matter for literal comparisons)
          */
         return NULL;
     }
 
     switch (source) {
         case pcmk__source_literal:
             return value;
 
         case pcmk__source_instance_attrs:
             table = rule_input->rsc_params;
             break;
 
         case pcmk__source_meta_attrs:
             table = rule_input->rsc_meta;
             break;
 
         default:
             return NULL; // Not possible
     }
 
     if (table == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     return (const char *) g_hash_table_lookup(table, value);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Evaluate a node attribute rule expression
  *
  * \param[in] expression  XML of a rule's PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION subelement
  * \param[in] rule_input  Values used to evaluate rule criteria
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code (\c pcmk_rc_ok if the expression
  *         passes, some other value if it does not)
  */
 int
 pcmk__evaluate_attr_expression(const xmlNode *expression,
                                const pcmk_rule_input_t *rule_input)
 {
     const char *id = NULL;
     const char *op = NULL;
     const char *attr = NULL;
     const char *type_s = NULL;
     const char *value = NULL;
     const char *actual = NULL;
     const char *source_s = NULL;
     const char *reference = NULL;
     char *expanded_attr = NULL;
     int rc = pcmk_rc_ok;
 
     enum pcmk__type type = pcmk__type_unknown;
     enum pcmk__reference_source source = pcmk__source_unknown;
     enum pcmk__comparison comparison = pcmk__comparison_unknown;
 
     if ((expression == NULL) || (rule_input == NULL)) {
         return EINVAL;
     }
 
     // Get expression ID (for logging)
     id = pcmk__xe_id(expression);
     if (pcmk__str_empty(id)) {
         /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
          * fail the expression
          */
         pcmk__config_warn(PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION " element has no " PCMK_XA_ID);
         id = "without ID"; // for logging
     }
 
     /* Get name of node attribute to compare (expanding any %0-%9 to
      * regular expression submatches)
      */
     attr = crm_element_value(expression, PCMK_XA_ATTRIBUTE);
     if (pcmk__str_empty(attr)) {
         pcmk__config_err("Treating " PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION " %s as not passing "
                          "because " PCMK_XA_ATTRIBUTE " was not specified", id);
         return pcmk_rc_unpack_error;
     }
     expanded_attr = pcmk__replace_submatches(attr, rule_input->rsc_id,
                                              rule_input->rsc_id_submatches,
                                              rule_input->rsc_id_nmatches);
     if (expanded_attr != NULL) {
         attr = expanded_attr;
     }
 
     // Get and validate operation
     op = crm_element_value(expression, PCMK_XA_OPERATION);
     comparison = pcmk__parse_comparison(op);
     if (comparison == pcmk__comparison_unknown) {
         // Not possible with schema validation enabled
         if (op == NULL) {
             pcmk__config_err("Treating " PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION " %s as not "
                              "passing because it has no " PCMK_XA_OPERATION,
                              id);
         } else {
             pcmk__config_err("Treating " PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION " %s as not "
                              "passing because '%s' is not a valid "
                              PCMK_XA_OPERATION, id, op);
         }
         rc = pcmk_rc_unpack_error;
         goto done;
     }
 
     // How reference value is obtained (literal, resource meta-attribute, etc.)
     source_s = crm_element_value(expression, PCMK_XA_VALUE_SOURCE);
     source = pcmk__parse_source(source_s);
     if (source == pcmk__source_unknown) {
         // Not possible with schema validation enabled
         // @COMPAT Fail expression once we can break backward compatibility
         pcmk__config_warn("Expression %s has invalid " PCMK_XA_VALUE_SOURCE
                           " value '%s', using default "
                           "('" PCMK_VALUE_LITERAL "')", id, source_s);
         source = pcmk__source_literal;
     }
 
     // Get and validate reference value
     value = crm_element_value(expression, PCMK_XA_VALUE);
     switch (comparison) {
         case pcmk__comparison_defined:
         case pcmk__comparison_undefined:
             if (value != NULL) {
                 pcmk__config_warn("Ignoring " PCMK_XA_VALUE " in "
                                   PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION " %s because it is unused "
                                   "when " PCMK_XA_BOOLEAN_OP " is %s", id, op);
             }
             break;
 
         default:
             if (value == NULL) {
                 pcmk__config_warn(PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION " %s has no "
                                   PCMK_XA_VALUE, id);
             }
             break;
     }
     reference = value_from_source(value, source, rule_input);
 
     // Get actual value of node attribute
     if (rule_input->node_attrs != NULL) {
         actual = g_hash_table_lookup(rule_input->node_attrs, attr);
     }
 
     // Get and validate value type (after expanding reference value)
     type_s = crm_element_value(expression, PCMK_XA_TYPE);
     type = pcmk__parse_type(type_s, comparison, actual, reference);
     if (type == pcmk__type_unknown) {
         /* Not possible with schema validation enabled
          *
          * @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility, treat
          * the expression as not passing.
          */
         pcmk__config_warn("Non-empty node attribute values will be treated as "
                           "equal for " PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION " %s because '%s' "
                           "is not a valid type", id, type);
     }
 
     rc = evaluate_attr_comparison(actual, reference, type, comparison);
     switch (comparison) {
         case pcmk__comparison_defined:
         case pcmk__comparison_undefined:
             crm_trace(PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION " %s result: %s (for attribute %s %s)",
                       id, pcmk_rc_str(rc), attr, op);
             break;
 
         default:
             crm_trace(PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION " %s result: "
                       "%s (attribute %s %s '%s' via %s source as %s type)",
                       id, pcmk_rc_str(rc), attr, op, pcmk__s(reference, ""),
                       pcmk__s(source_s, "default"), pcmk__s(type_s, "default"));
             break;
     }
 
 done:
     free(expanded_attr);
     return rc;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Evaluate an operation rule expression
  *
- * \param[in] expr        XML of a rule's \c PCMK_XE_OP_EXPRESSION subelement
- * \param[in] rule_input  Values used to evaluate rule criteria
+ * \param[in] op_expression  XML of a rule's \c PCMK_XE_OP_EXPRESSION subelement
+ * \param[in] rule_input     Values used to evaluate rule criteria
  *
- * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
+ * \return Standard Pacemaker return code (\c pcmk_rc_ok if the expression
+ *         is satisfied, some other value if it is not)
  */
 int
-pcmk__evaluate_op_expression(const xmlNode *expr,
+pcmk__evaluate_op_expression(const xmlNode *op_expression,
                              const pcmk_rule_input_t *rule_input)
 {
-    const char *name = crm_element_value(expr, PCMK_XA_NAME);
-    const char *interval_s = crm_element_value(expr, PCMK_META_INTERVAL);
+    const char *id = NULL;
+    const char *name = NULL;
+    const char *interval_s = NULL;
     guint interval_ms = 0U;
 
-    crm_trace("Testing op_defaults expression: %s", pcmk__xe_id(expr));
+    if ((op_expression == NULL) || (rule_input == NULL)) {
+        return EINVAL;
+    }
 
-    if (rule_input->op_name == NULL) {
-        crm_trace("No operation data provided");
-        return pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied;
+    // Get operation expression ID (for logging)
+    id = pcmk__xe_id(op_expression);
+    if (pcmk__str_empty(id)) { // Not possible with schema validation enabled
+        /* @COMPAT When we can break behavioral backward compatibility,
+         * return pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied
+         */
+        pcmk__config_warn(PCMK_XE_OP_EXPRESSION " element has no " PCMK_XA_ID);
+        id = "without ID"; // for logging
     }
 
+    // Validate operation name
+    name = crm_element_value(op_expression, PCMK_XA_NAME);
+    if (name == NULL) { // Not possible with schema validation enabled
+        pcmk__config_warn("Treating " PCMK_XE_OP_EXPRESSION " %s as not "
+                          "passing because it has no " PCMK_XA_NAME, id);
+        return pcmk_rc_unpack_error;
+    }
+
+    // Validate operation interval
+    interval_s = crm_element_value(op_expression, PCMK_META_INTERVAL);
     if (pcmk_parse_interval_spec(interval_s, &interval_ms) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
-        crm_trace("Could not parse interval: %s", interval_s);
-        return pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied;
+        pcmk__config_warn("Treating " PCMK_XE_OP_EXPRESSION " %s as not "
+                          "passing because '%s' is not a valid interval",
+                          id, interval_s);
+        return pcmk_rc_unpack_error;
     }
 
-    if ((interval_s != NULL) && (interval_ms != rule_input->op_interval_ms)) {
-        crm_trace("Interval doesn't match: %d != %d",
-                  interval_ms, rule_input->op_interval_ms);
+    // Compare operation name
+    if (!pcmk__str_eq(name, rule_input->op_name, pcmk__str_none)) {
+        crm_trace(PCMK_XE_OP_EXPRESSION " %s is unsatisfied because "
+                  "actual name '%s' doesn't match '%s'",
+                  id, pcmk__s(rule_input->op_name, ""), name);
         return pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied;
     }
 
-    if (!pcmk__str_eq(name, rule_input->op_name, pcmk__str_none)) {
-        crm_trace("Name doesn't match: %s != %s", name, rule_input->op_name);
+    // Compare operation interval (unspecified interval matches all)
+    if ((interval_s != NULL) && (interval_ms != rule_input->op_interval_ms)) {
+        crm_trace(PCMK_XE_OP_EXPRESSION " %s is unsatisfied because "
+                  "actual interval %s doesn't match %s",
+                  id, pcmk__readable_interval(rule_input->op_interval_ms),
+                  pcmk__readable_interval(interval_ms));
         return pcmk_rc_op_unsatisfied;
     }
 
+    crm_trace(PCMK_XE_OP_EXPRESSION " %s is satisfied (name %s, interval %s)",
+              id, name, pcmk__readable_interval(rule_input->op_interval_ms));
     return pcmk_rc_ok;
 }