diff --git a/fencing/test.c b/fencing/test.c
index a0893754d2..8e336a2e9b 100644
--- a/fencing/test.c
+++ b/fencing/test.c
@@ -1,664 +1,675 @@
 /* 
  * Copyright (C) 2009 Andrew Beekhof <andrew@beekhof.net>
  * 
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  * 
  * This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  * General Public License for more details.
  * 
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
  * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
  */
 
 #include <crm_internal.h>
 
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
 #include <crm/crm.h>
 #include <crm/msg_xml.h>
 #include <crm/common/ipc.h>
 #include <crm/cluster/internal.h>
 
 #include <crm/stonith-ng.h>
 #include <crm/fencing/internal.h>
 #include <crm/common/xml.h>
 
 #include <crm/common/mainloop.h>
 
 GMainLoop *mainloop = NULL;
 crm_trigger_t *trig = NULL;
 int mainloop_iter = 0;
 int callback_rc = 0;
 typedef void (*mainloop_test_iteration_cb) (int check_event);
 
 #define MAINLOOP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 2
 
 #define mainloop_test_done(pass) \
     if (pass) { \
         crm_info("SUCCESS - %s", __FUNCTION__); \
         mainloop_iter++;   \
         mainloop_set_trigger(trig);  \
     } else { \
         crm_err("FAILURE = %s async_callback %d", __FUNCTION__, callback_rc); \
         crm_exit(pcmk_err_generic); \
     } \
     callback_rc = 0; \
 
 
 /* *INDENT-OFF* */
 enum test_modes {
     /* class dev test using a very specific environment */
     test_standard = 0,
     /* watch notifications only */
     test_passive,
     /* sanity test stonith client api using fence_dummy */
     test_api_sanity,
     /* sanity test mainloop code with async respones. */
     test_api_mainloop,
 };
 
 static struct crm_option long_options[] = {
     {"verbose",     0, 0, 'V'},
     {"version",     0, 0, '$'},
     {"help",        0, 0, '?'},
     {"passive",     0, 0, 'p'},
     {"api_test",    0, 0, 't'},
     {"mainloop_api_test",    0, 0, 'm'},
 
     {0, 0, 0, 0}
 };
 /* *INDENT-ON* */
 
 stonith_t *st = NULL;
 struct pollfd pollfd;
 int st_opts = st_opt_sync_call;
 int expected_notifications = 0;
 int verbose = 0;
 
 static void
 dispatch_helper(int timeout)
 {
     int rc;
 
     crm_debug("Looking for notification");
     pollfd.events = POLLIN;
     while (true) {
         rc = poll(&pollfd, 1, timeout); /* wait 10 minutes, -1 forever */
         if (rc > 0) {
             if (!stonith_dispatch(st)) {
                 break;
             }
         } else {
             break;
         }
     }
 }
 
 static void
 st_callback(stonith_t * st, stonith_event_t * e)
 {
     if (st->state == stonith_disconnected) {
         crm_exit(ENOTCONN);
     }
 
     crm_notice("Operation %s requested by %s %s for peer %s.  %s reported: %s (ref=%s)",
                e->operation, e->origin, e->result == pcmk_ok ? "completed" : "failed",
                e->target, e->executioner ? e->executioner : "<none>",
                pcmk_strerror(e->result), e->id);
 
     if (expected_notifications) {
         expected_notifications--;
     }
 }
 
 static void
 st_global_callback(stonith_t * stonith, stonith_callback_data_t * data)
 {
     crm_notice("Call id %d completed with rc %d", data->call_id, data->rc);
 }
 
 static void
 passive_test(void)
 {
     int rc = 0;
 
     rc = st->cmds->connect(st, crm_system_name, &pollfd.fd);
     crm_debug("Connect: %d", rc);
 
     st->cmds->register_notification(st, T_STONITH_NOTIFY_DISCONNECT, st_callback);
     st->cmds->register_notification(st, T_STONITH_NOTIFY_FENCE, st_callback);
     st->cmds->register_notification(st, STONITH_OP_DEVICE_ADD, st_callback);
     st->cmds->register_notification(st, STONITH_OP_DEVICE_DEL, st_callback);
     st->cmds->register_callback(st, 0, 120, st_opt_timeout_updates, NULL, "st_global_callback",
                                 st_global_callback);
 
     dispatch_helper(600 * 1000);
 }
 
 #define single_test(cmd, str, num_notifications, expected_rc) \
 { \
     int rc = 0; \
     rc = cmd; \
     expected_notifications = 0;  \
     if (num_notifications) { \
         expected_notifications = num_notifications; \
         dispatch_helper(500);  \
     } \
     if (rc != expected_rc) { \
         crm_err("FAILURE - expected rc %d != %d(%s) for cmd - %s\n", expected_rc, rc, pcmk_strerror(rc), str); \
         crm_exit(pcmk_err_generic); \
     } else if (expected_notifications) { \
         crm_err("FAILURE - expected %d notifications, got only %d for cmd - %s\n", \
             num_notifications, num_notifications - expected_notifications, str); \
         crm_exit(pcmk_err_generic); \
     } else { \
         if (verbose) {                   \
             crm_info("SUCCESS - %s: %d", str, rc);    \
         } else {   \
             crm_debug("SUCCESS - %s: %d", str, rc);    \
         }                          \
     } \
 }\
 
 static void
 run_fence_failure_test(void)
 {
     stonith_key_value_t *params = NULL;
 
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "pcmk_host_map", "false_1_node1=1,2 false_1_node2=3,4");
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "mode", "fail");
 
     single_test(st->
                 cmds->register_device(st, st_opts, "test-id1", "stonith-ng", "fence_dummy", params),
                 "Register device1 for failure test", 1, 0);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "false_1_node2", "off", 3, 0),
-                "Fence failure results off", 1, -201);
+                "Fence failure results off", 1, -pcmk_err_generic);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "false_1_node2", "reboot", 3, 0),
-                "Fence failure results reboot", 1, -201);
+                "Fence failure results reboot", 1, -pcmk_err_generic);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->remove_device(st, st_opts, "test-id1"),
                 "Remove device1 for failure test", 1, 0);
 
     stonith_key_value_freeall(params, 1, 1);
 }
 
 static void
 run_fence_failure_rollover_test(void)
 {
     stonith_key_value_t *params = NULL;
 
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "pcmk_host_map", "false_1_node1=1,2 false_1_node2=3,4");
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "mode", "fail");
 
     single_test(st->
                 cmds->register_device(st, st_opts, "test-id1", "stonith-ng", "fence_dummy", params),
                 "Register device1 for rollover test", 1, 0);
     stonith_key_value_freeall(params, 1, 1);
     params = NULL;
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "pcmk_host_map", "false_1_node1=1,2 false_1_node2=3,4");
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "mode", "pass");
 
     single_test(st->
                 cmds->register_device(st, st_opts, "test-id2", "stonith-ng", "fence_dummy", params),
                 "Register device2 for rollover test", 1, 0);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "false_1_node2", "off", 3, 0),
                 "Fence rollover results off", 1, 0);
 
-    /* we expect -19 here because fence_dummy now requires 'on' to be executed on target. */
+    /* Expect -ENODEV because fence_dummy requires 'on' to be executed on target */
     single_test(st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "false_1_node2", "on", 3, 0),
-                "Fence rollover results on", 1, -19);
+                "Fence rollover results on", 1, -ENODEV);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->remove_device(st, st_opts, "test-id1"),
                 "Remove device1 for rollover tests", 1, 0);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->remove_device(st, st_opts, "test-id2"),
                 "Remove device2 for rollover tests", 1, 0);
 
     stonith_key_value_freeall(params, 1, 1);
 }
 
 static void
 run_standard_test(void)
 {
     stonith_key_value_t *params = NULL;
 
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "pcmk_host_map", "false_1_node1=1,2 false_1_node2=3,4");
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "mode", "pass");
 
     single_test(st->
                 cmds->register_device(st, st_opts, "test-id", "stonith-ng", "fence_dummy", params),
                 "Register", 1, 0);
+    stonith_key_value_freeall(params, 1, 1);
+    params = NULL;
 
     single_test(st->cmds->list(st, st_opts, "test-id", NULL, 1), "list", 1, 0);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->monitor(st, st_opts, "test-id", 1), "Monitor", 1, 0);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->status(st, st_opts, "test-id", "false_1_node2", 1),
                 "Status false_1_node2", 1, 0);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->status(st, st_opts, "test-id", "false_1_node1", 1),
                 "Status false_1_node1", 1, 0);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "unknown-host", "off", 1, 0),
-                "Fence unknown-host (expected failure)", 0, -19);
+                "Fence unknown-host (expected failure)", 0, -ENODEV);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "false_1_node1", "off", 1, 0),
                 "Fence false_1_node1", 1, 0);
 
-    /* we expect -19 here because fence_dummy now requires 'on' to be executed on target. */
+    /* Expect -ENODEV because fence_dummy requires 'on' to be executed on target */
     single_test(st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "false_1_node1", "on", 1, 0),
-                "Unfence false_1_node1", 1, -19);
+                "Unfence false_1_node1", 1, -ENODEV);
+
+    /* Confirm that targeting by attribute is rejected in standalone mode */
+    params = stonith_key_value_add(params, NULL, "test-id");
+    single_test(st->cmds->register_level(st, st_opts, "a=b", 1, params),
+                "Attempt to register a level by attribute", 0, -EINVAL);
+
+    /* Confirm that an invalid level index is rejected */
+    single_test(st->cmds->register_level(st, st_opts, "node1", 999, params),
+                "Attempt to register an invalid level index", 0, -EINVAL);
 
     single_test(st->cmds->remove_device(st, st_opts, "test-id"), "Remove test-id", 1, 0);
 
     stonith_key_value_freeall(params, 1, 1);
 }
 
 static void
 sanity_tests(void)
 {
     int rc = 0;
 
     rc = st->cmds->connect(st, crm_system_name, &pollfd.fd);
     crm_debug("Connect: %d", rc);
 
     st->cmds->register_notification(st, T_STONITH_NOTIFY_DISCONNECT, st_callback);
     st->cmds->register_notification(st, T_STONITH_NOTIFY_FENCE, st_callback);
     st->cmds->register_notification(st, STONITH_OP_DEVICE_ADD, st_callback);
     st->cmds->register_notification(st, STONITH_OP_DEVICE_DEL, st_callback);
     st->cmds->register_callback(st, 0, 120, st_opt_timeout_updates, NULL, "st_global_callback",
                                 st_global_callback);
 
     crm_info("Starting API Sanity Tests");
     run_standard_test();
     run_fence_failure_test();
     run_fence_failure_rollover_test();
     crm_info("Sanity Tests Passed");
 }
 
 static void
 standard_dev_test(void)
 {
     int rc = 0;
     char *tmp = NULL;
     stonith_key_value_t *params = NULL;
 
     rc = st->cmds->connect(st, crm_system_name, &pollfd.fd);
     crm_debug("Connect: %d", rc);
 
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "pcmk_host_map", "some-host=pcmk-7 true_1_node1=3,4");
 
     rc = st->cmds->register_device(st, st_opts, "test-id", "stonith-ng", "fence_xvm", params);
     crm_debug("Register: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->list(st, st_opts, "test-id", &tmp, 10);
     crm_debug("List: %d output: %s\n", rc, tmp ? tmp : "<none>");
 
     rc = st->cmds->monitor(st, st_opts, "test-id", 10);
     crm_debug("Monitor: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->status(st, st_opts, "test-id", "false_1_node2", 10);
     crm_debug("Status false_1_node2: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->status(st, st_opts, "test-id", "false_1_node1", 10);
     crm_debug("Status false_1_node1: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "unknown-host", "off", 60, 0);
     crm_debug("Fence unknown-host: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->status(st, st_opts, "test-id", "false_1_node1", 10);
     crm_debug("Status false_1_node1: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "false_1_node1", "off", 60, 0);
     crm_debug("Fence false_1_node1: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->status(st, st_opts, "test-id", "false_1_node1", 10);
     crm_debug("Status false_1_node1: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "false_1_node1", "on", 10, 0);
     crm_debug("Unfence false_1_node1: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->status(st, st_opts, "test-id", "false_1_node1", 10);
     crm_debug("Status false_1_node1: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "some-host", "off", 10, 0);
     crm_debug("Fence alias: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->status(st, st_opts, "test-id", "some-host", 10);
     crm_debug("Status alias: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->fence(st, st_opts, "false_1_node1", "on", 10, 0);
     crm_debug("Unfence false_1_node1: %d", rc);
 
     rc = st->cmds->remove_device(st, st_opts, "test-id");
     crm_debug("Remove test-id: %d", rc);
 
     stonith_key_value_freeall(params, 1, 1);
 }
 
 static void
  iterate_mainloop_tests(gboolean event_ready);
 
 static void
 mainloop_callback(stonith_t * stonith, stonith_callback_data_t * data)
 {
     callback_rc = data->rc;
     iterate_mainloop_tests(TRUE);
 }
 
 static int
 register_callback_helper(int callid)
 {
     return st->cmds->register_callback(st,
                                        callid,
                                        MAINLOOP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
                                        st_opt_timeout_updates, NULL, "callback", mainloop_callback);
 }
 
 static void
 test_async_fence_pass(int check_event)
 {
     int rc = 0;
 
     if (check_event) {
         if (callback_rc != 0) {
             mainloop_test_done(FALSE);
         } else {
             mainloop_test_done(TRUE);
         }
         return;
     }
 
     rc = st->cmds->fence(st, 0, "true_1_node1", "off", MAINLOOP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, 0);
     if (rc < 0) {
         crm_err("fence failed with rc %d", rc);
         mainloop_test_done(FALSE);
     }
     register_callback_helper(rc);
     /* wait for event */
 }
 
 #define CUSTOM_TIMEOUT_ADDITION 10
 static void
 test_async_fence_custom_timeout(int check_event)
 {
     int rc = 0;
     static time_t begin = 0;
 
     if (check_event) {
         uint32_t diff = (time(NULL) - begin);
 
         if (callback_rc != -ETIME) {
             mainloop_test_done(FALSE);
         } else if (diff < CUSTOM_TIMEOUT_ADDITION + MAINLOOP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT) {
             crm_err
                 ("Custom timeout test failed, callback expiration should be updated to %d, actual timeout was %d",
                  CUSTOM_TIMEOUT_ADDITION + MAINLOOP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, diff);
             mainloop_test_done(FALSE);
         } else {
             mainloop_test_done(TRUE);
         }
         return;
     }
     begin = time(NULL);
 
     rc = st->cmds->fence(st, 0, "custom_timeout_node1", "off", MAINLOOP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, 0);
     if (rc < 0) {
         crm_err("fence failed with rc %d", rc);
         mainloop_test_done(FALSE);
     }
     register_callback_helper(rc);
     /* wait for event */
 }
 
 static void
 test_async_fence_timeout(int check_event)
 {
     int rc = 0;
 
     if (check_event) {
         if (callback_rc != -ENODEV) {
             mainloop_test_done(FALSE);
         } else {
             mainloop_test_done(TRUE);
         }
         return;
     }
 
     rc = st->cmds->fence(st, 0, "false_1_node2", "off", MAINLOOP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, 0);
     if (rc < 0) {
         crm_err("fence failed with rc %d", rc);
         mainloop_test_done(FALSE);
     }
     register_callback_helper(rc);
     /* wait for event */
 }
 
 static void
 test_async_monitor(int check_event)
 {
     int rc = 0;
 
     if (check_event) {
         if (callback_rc) {
             mainloop_test_done(FALSE);
         } else {
             mainloop_test_done(TRUE);
         }
         return;
     }
 
     rc = st->cmds->monitor(st, 0, "false_1", MAINLOOP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
     if (rc < 0) {
         crm_err("monitor failed with rc %d", rc);
         mainloop_test_done(FALSE);
     }
 
     register_callback_helper(rc);
     /* wait for event */
 }
 
 static void
 test_register_async_devices(int check_event)
 {
     char buf[16] = { 0, };
     stonith_key_value_t *params = NULL;
 
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "pcmk_host_map", "false_1_node1=1,2");
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "mode", "fail");
     st->cmds->register_device(st, st_opts, "false_1", "stonith-ng", "fence_dummy", params);
     stonith_key_value_freeall(params, 1, 1);
 
     params = NULL;
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "pcmk_host_map", "true_1_node1=1,2");
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "mode", "pass");
     st->cmds->register_device(st, st_opts, "true_1", "stonith-ng", "fence_dummy", params);
     stonith_key_value_freeall(params, 1, 1);
 
     params = NULL;
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "pcmk_host_map", "custom_timeout_node1=1,2");
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "mode", "fail");
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "delay", "1000");
     snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", MAINLOOP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT + CUSTOM_TIMEOUT_ADDITION);
     params = stonith_key_value_add(params, "pcmk_off_timeout", buf);
     st->cmds->register_device(st, st_opts, "false_custom_timeout", "stonith-ng", "fence_dummy",
                               params);
     stonith_key_value_freeall(params, 1, 1);
 
     mainloop_test_done(TRUE);
 }
 
 static void
 try_mainloop_connect(int check_event)
 {
     int tries = 10;
     int i = 0;
     int rc = 0;
 
     for (i = 0; i < tries; i++) {
         rc = st->cmds->connect(st, crm_system_name, NULL);
 
         if (!rc) {
             crm_info("stonith client connection established");
             mainloop_test_done(TRUE);
             return;
         } else {
             crm_info("stonith client connection failed");
         }
         sleep(1);
     }
 
     crm_err("API CONNECTION FAILURE\n");
     mainloop_test_done(FALSE);
 }
 
 static void
 iterate_mainloop_tests(gboolean event_ready)
 {
     static mainloop_test_iteration_cb callbacks[] = {
         try_mainloop_connect,
         test_register_async_devices,
         test_async_monitor,
         test_async_fence_pass,
         test_async_fence_timeout,
         test_async_fence_custom_timeout,
     };
 
     if (mainloop_iter == (sizeof(callbacks) / sizeof(mainloop_test_iteration_cb))) {
         /* all tests ran, everything passed */
         crm_info("ALL MAINLOOP TESTS PASSED!");
         crm_exit(pcmk_ok);
     }
 
     callbacks[mainloop_iter] (event_ready);
 }
 
 static gboolean
 trigger_iterate_mainloop_tests(gpointer user_data)
 {
     iterate_mainloop_tests(FALSE);
     return TRUE;
 }
 
 static void
 test_shutdown(int nsig)
 {
     int rc = 0;
 
     if (st) {
         rc = st->cmds->disconnect(st);
         crm_info("Disconnect: %d", rc);
 
         crm_debug("Destroy");
         stonith_api_delete(st);
     }
 
     if (rc) {
         crm_exit(pcmk_err_generic);
     }
 }
 
 static void
 mainloop_tests(void)
 {
     trig = mainloop_add_trigger(G_PRIORITY_HIGH, trigger_iterate_mainloop_tests, NULL);
     mainloop_set_trigger(trig);
     mainloop_add_signal(SIGTERM, test_shutdown);
 
     crm_info("Starting");
     mainloop = g_main_new(FALSE);
     g_main_run(mainloop);
 }
 
 int
 main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
     int argerr = 0;
     int flag;
     int option_index = 0;
 
     enum test_modes mode = test_standard;
 
     crm_set_options(NULL, "mode [options]", long_options,
                     "Provides a summary of cluster's current state."
                     "\n\nOutputs varying levels of detail in a number of different formats.\n");
 
     while (1) {
         flag = crm_get_option(argc, argv, &option_index);
         if (flag == -1) {
             break;
         }
 
         switch (flag) {
             case 'V':
                 verbose = 1;
                 break;
             case '$':
             case '?':
                 crm_help(flag, EX_OK);
                 break;
             case 'p':
                 mode = test_passive;
                 break;
             case 't':
                 mode = test_api_sanity;
                 break;
             case 'm':
                 mode = test_api_mainloop;
                 break;
             default:
                 ++argerr;
                 break;
         }
     }
 
     crm_log_init("stonith-test", LOG_INFO, TRUE, verbose ? TRUE : FALSE, argc, argv, FALSE);
 
     if (optind > argc) {
         ++argerr;
     }
 
     if (argerr) {
         crm_help('?', EX_USAGE);
     }
 
     crm_debug("Create");
     st = stonith_api_new();
 
     switch (mode) {
         case test_standard:
             standard_dev_test();
             break;
         case test_passive:
             passive_test();
             break;
         case test_api_sanity:
             sanity_tests();
             break;
         case test_api_mainloop:
             mainloop_tests();
             break;
     }
 
     test_shutdown(0);
     return 0;
 }