diff --git a/include/crm/msg_xml.h b/include/crm/msg_xml.h
index ee47f2c624..32fd55510b 100644
--- a/include/crm/msg_xml.h
+++ b/include/crm/msg_xml.h
@@ -1,389 +1,390 @@
 /*
  * Copyright 2004-2024 the Pacemaker project contributors
  *
  * The version control history for this file may have further details.
  *
  * This source code is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License
  * version 2.1 or later (LGPLv2.1+) WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
  */
 
 #ifndef PCMK__CRM_MSG_XML__H
 #  define PCMK__CRM_MSG_XML__H
 
 #  include <crm/common/xml.h>
 
 #if !defined(PCMK_ALLOW_DEPRECATED) || (PCMK_ALLOW_DEPRECATED == 1)
 #include <crm/msg_xml_compat.h>
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 /* This file defines constants for various XML syntax (mainly element and
  * attribute names).
  *
  * For consistency, new constants should start with "PCMK_", followed by:
  * * "XE" for XML element names
  * * "XA" for XML attribute names
  * * "OPT" for cluster option (property) names
  * * "META" for meta-attribute names
  * * "VALUE" for enumerated values for various options
  *
  * Old names that don't follow this policy should eventually be deprecated and
  * replaced with names that do.
  *
  * Symbols should be public if the user may specify them somewhere (especially
  * the CIB) or if they're part of a well-defined structure that a user may need
  * to parse. They should be internal if they're used only internally to
  * Pacemaker (such as daemon IPC/CPG message XML).
  *
  * Constants belong in the following locations:
  * * Public "XE" and "XA": msg_xml.h
  * * Internal "XE" and "XA": crm_internal.h
  * * Public "OPT", "META", and "VALUE": options.h
  * * Internal "OPT", "META", and "VALUE": options_internal.h
  *
  * For meta-attributes that can be specified as either XML attributes or nvpair
  * names, use "META" unless using both "XA" and "META" constants adds clarity.
  * An example is operation attributes, which can be specified either as
  * attributes of the PCMK_XE_OP element or as nvpairs in a meta-attribute set
  * beneath the PCMK_XE_OP element.
  */
 
 /*
  * XML elements
  */
 
 #define PCMK_XE_ACL_GROUP                   "acl_group"
 #define PCMK_XE_ACL_PERMISSION              "acl_permission"
 #define PCMK_XE_ACL_ROLE                    "acl_role"
 #define PCMK_XE_ACL_TARGET                  "acl_target"
 #define PCMK_XE_ACLS                        "acls"
 #define PCMK_XE_ACTION                      "action"
 #define PCMK_XE_ACTIONS                     "actions"
 #define PCMK_XE_AGENT                       "agent"
 #define PCMK_XE_AGENT_STATUS                "agent-status"
 #define PCMK_XE_AGENTS                      "agents"
 #define PCMK_XE_ALERT                       "alert"
 #define PCMK_XE_ALERTS                      "alerts"
 #define PCMK_XE_ALLOCATIONS                 "allocations"
 #define PCMK_XE_ALLOCATIONS_UTILIZATIONS    "allocations_utilizations"
 #define PCMK_XE_ATTRIBUTE                   "attribute"
 #define PCMK_XE_BAN                         "ban"
 #define PCMK_XE_BANS                        "bans"
 #define PCMK_XE_BUNDLE                      "bundle"
 #define PCMK_XE_CAPACITY                    "capacity"
 #define PCMK_XE_CHANGE                      "change"
 #define PCMK_XE_CHANGE_ATTR                 "change-attr"
 #define PCMK_XE_CHANGE_LIST                 "change-list"
 #define PCMK_XE_CHANGE_RESULT               "change-result"
 #define PCMK_XE_CHECK                       "check"
 #define PCMK_XE_CIB                         "cib"
 #define PCMK_XE_CLONE                       "clone"
 #define PCMK_XE_CLUSTER_ACTION              "cluster_action"
 #define PCMK_XE_CLUSTER_INFO                "cluster-info"
 #define PCMK_XE_CLUSTER_OPTIONS             "cluster_options"
 #define PCMK_XE_CLUSTER_PROPERTY_SET        "cluster_property_set"
 #define PCMK_XE_CLUSTER_STATUS              "cluster_status"
 #define PCMK_XE_COMMAND                     "command"
 #define PCMK_XE_CONFIGURATION               "configuration"
 #define PCMK_XE_CONSTRAINTS                 "constraints"
 #define PCMK_XE_CONTENT                     "content"
 #define PCMK_XE_CRM_CONFIG                  "crm_config"
 #define PCMK_XE_CRM_MON                     "crm_mon"
 #define PCMK_XE_CRM_MON_DISCONNECTED        "crm-mon-disconnected"
 #define PCMK_XE_CURRENT_DC                  "current_dc"
 #define PCMK_XE_DATE_EXPRESSION             "date_expression"
 #define PCMK_XE_DATE_SPEC                   "date_spec"
 #define PCMK_XE_DC                          "dc"
 #define PCMK_XE_DIFF                        "diff"
 #define PCMK_XE_DIGEST                      "digest"
 #define PCMK_XE_DIGESTS                     "digests"
 #define PCMK_XE_DOCKER                      "docker"
 #define PCMK_XE_DURATION                    "duration"
 #define PCMK_XE_ERROR                       "error"
 #define PCMK_XE_ERRORS                      "errors"
 #define PCMK_XE_EXPRESSION                  "expression"
 #define PCMK_XE_FAILURE                     "failure"
 #define PCMK_XE_FAILURES                    "failures"
 #define PCMK_XE_FEATURE                     "feature"
 #define PCMK_XE_FEATURES                    "features"
 #define PCMK_XE_FENCE_EVENT                 "fence_event"
 #define PCMK_XE_FENCE_HISTORY               "fence_history"
 #define PCMK_XE_FENCING_ACTION              "fencing_action"
 #define PCMK_XE_FENCING_LEVEL               "fencing-level"
 #define PCMK_XE_FENCING_TOPOLOGY            "fencing-topology"
 #define PCMK_XE_GROUP                       "group"
 #define PCMK_XE_INJECT_ATTR                 "inject_attr"
 #define PCMK_XE_INJECT_SPEC                 "inject_spec"
 #define PCMK_XE_INSTANCE_ATTRIBUTES         "instance_attributes"
+#define PCMK_XE_INSTRUCTION                 "instruction"
 #define PCMK_XE_ITEM                        "item"
 #define PCMK_XE_LAST_FENCED                 "last-fenced"
 #define PCMK_XE_LIST                        "list"
 #define PCMK_XE_LONGDESC                    "longdesc"
 #define PCMK_XE_META_ATTRIBUTES             "meta_attributes"
 #define PCMK_XE_NETWORK                     "network"
 #define PCMK_XE_NODE                        "node"
 #define PCMK_XE_NODE_ATTRIBUTES             "node_attributes"
 #define PCMK_XE_NODE_HISTORY                "node_history"
 #define PCMK_XE_NODES                       "nodes"
 #define PCMK_XE_NVPAIR                      "nvpair"
 #define PCMK_XE_OBJ_REF                     "obj_ref"
 #define PCMK_XE_OP                          "op"
 #define PCMK_XE_OP_DEFAULTS                 "op_defaults"
 #define PCMK_XE_OP_EXPRESSION               "op_expression"
 #define PCMK_XE_OPERATION                   "operation"
 #define PCMK_XE_OPERATIONS                  "operations"
 #define PCMK_XE_OPTION                      "option"
 #define PCMK_XE_OUTPUT                      "output"
 #define PCMK_XE_OVERRIDE                    "override"
 #define PCMK_XE_OVERRIDES                   "overrides"
 #define PCMK_XE_PACEMAKER_RESULT            "pacemaker-result"
 #define PCMK_XE_PACEMAKERD                  "pacemakerd"
 #define PCMK_XE_PARAMETER                   "parameter"
 #define PCMK_XE_PARAMETERS                  "parameters"
 #define PCMK_XE_PORT_MAPPING                "port-mapping"
 #define PCMK_XE_POSITION                    "position"
 #define PCMK_XE_PRIMITIVE                   "primitive"
 #define PCMK_XE_RECIPIENT                   "recipient"
 #define PCMK_XE_REPLICA                     "replica"
 #define PCMK_XE_RESOURCE                    "resource"
 #define PCMK_XE_RESOURCE_AGENT              "resource-agent"
 #define PCMK_XE_RESOURCE_AGENT_ACTION       "resource-agent-action"
 #define PCMK_XE_RESOURCE_CONFIG             "resource_config"
 #define PCMK_XE_RESOURCE_REF                "resource_ref"
 #define PCMK_XE_RESOURCE_SET                "resource_set"
 #define PCMK_XE_RESOURCES                   "resources"
 #define PCMK_XE_RESULT_CODE                 "result-code"
 #define PCMK_XE_REVISED_CLUSTER_STATUS      "revised_cluster_status"
 #define PCMK_XE_ROLE                        "role"
 #define PCMK_XE_RSC_ACTION                  "rsc_action"
 #define PCMK_XE_RSC_COLOCATION              "rsc_colocation"
 #define PCMK_XE_RSC_DEFAULTS                "rsc_defaults"
 #define PCMK_XE_RSC_EXPRESSION              "rsc_expression"
 #define PCMK_XE_RSC_LOCATION                "rsc_location"
 #define PCMK_XE_RSC_ORDER                   "rsc_order"
 #define PCMK_XE_RSC_TICKET                  "rsc_ticket"
 #define PCMK_XE_RULE                        "rule"
 #define PCMK_XE_SELECT                      "select"
 #define PCMK_XE_SELECT_ATTRIBUTES           "select_attributes"
 #define PCMK_XE_SELECT_FENCING              "select_fencing"
 #define PCMK_XE_SELECT_NODES                "select_nodes"
 #define PCMK_XE_SELECT_RESOURCES            "select_resources"
 #define PCMK_XE_SHORTDESC                   "shortdesc"
 #define PCMK_XE_SOURCE                      "source"
 #define PCMK_XE_STATUS                      "status"
 #define PCMK_XE_STORAGE                     "storage"
 #define PCMK_XE_STORAGE_MAPPING             "storage-mapping"
 #define PCMK_XE_SUMMARY                     "summary"
 #define PCMK_XE_TAG                         "tag"
 #define PCMK_XE_TAGS                        "tags"
 #define PCMK_XE_TARGET                      "target"
 #define PCMK_XE_TEMPLATE                    "template"
 #define PCMK_XE_TICKET                      "ticket"
 #define PCMK_XE_TICKETS                     "tickets"
 #define PCMK_XE_TRANSITION                  "transition"
 #define PCMK_XE_UTILIZATION                 "utilization"
 #define PCMK_XE_UTILIZATIONS                "utilizations"
 #define PCMK_XE_VERSION                     "version"
 
 
 /*
  * XML attributes
  */
 
 #define PCMK_XA_ACTION                      "action"
 #define PCMK_XA_ACTIVE                      "active"
 #define PCMK_XA_ADD_HOST                    "add-host"
 #define PCMK_XA_ADMIN_EPOCH                 "admin_epoch"
 #define PCMK_XA_AGENT                       "agent"
 #define PCMK_XA_API_VERSION                 "api-version"
 #define PCMK_XA_ATTRIBUTE                   "attribute"
 #define PCMK_XA_AUTHOR                      "author"
 #define PCMK_XA_BLOCKED                     "blocked"
 #define PCMK_XA_BOOLEAN_OP                  "boolean-op"
 #define PCMK_XA_BUILD                       "build"
 #define PCMK_XA_CACHED                      "cached"
 #define PCMK_XA_CALL                        "call"
 #define PCMK_XA_CIB_LAST_WRITTEN            "cib-last-written"
 #define PCMK_XA_CIB_NODE                    "cib_node"
 #define PCMK_XA_CLASS                       "class"
 #define PCMK_XA_CLIENT                      "client"
 #define PCMK_XA_CODE                        "code"
 #define PCMK_XA_COMMENT                     "comment"
 #define PCMK_XA_COMPLETED                   "completed"
 #define PCMK_XA_CONTROL_PORT                "control-port"
 #define PCMK_XA_COUNT                       "count"
 #define PCMK_XA_CRM_DEBUG_ORIGIN            "crm-debug-origin"
 #define PCMK_XA_CRM_FEATURE_SET             "crm_feature_set"
 #define PCMK_XA_CRM_TIMESTAMP               "crm-timestamp"
 #define PCMK_XA_DAYS                        "days"
 #define PCMK_XA_DC_UUID                     "dc-uuid"
 #define PCMK_XA_DEFAULT                     "default"
 #define PCMK_XA_DELEGATE                    "delegate"
 #define PCMK_XA_DESCRIPTION                 "description"
 #define PCMK_XA_DEST                        "dest"
 #define PCMK_XA_DEVICES                     "devices"
 #define PCMK_XA_DISABLED                    "disabled"
 #define PCMK_XA_DURATION                    "duration"
 #define PCMK_XA_END                         "end"
 #define PCMK_XA_EPOCH                       "epoch"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXEC                        "exec"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXEC_TIME                   "exec-time"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXECUTION_CODE              "execution_code"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXECUTION_DATE              "execution-date"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXECUTION_MESSAGE           "execution_message"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXIT_REASON                 "exit-reason"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXITCODE                    "exitcode"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXITREASON                  "exitreason"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXITSTATUS                  "exitstatus"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXPECTED                    "expected"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXPECTED_UP                 "expected_up"
 #define PCMK_XA_EXTENDED_STATUS             "extended-status"
 #define PCMK_XA_FAIL_COUNT                  "fail-count"
 #define PCMK_XA_FAILED                      "failed"
 #define PCMK_XA_FAILURE_IGNORED             "failure_ignored"
 #define PCMK_XA_FEATURE_SET                 "feature_set"
 #define PCMK_XA_FEATURES                    "features"
 #define PCMK_XA_FILE                        "file"
 #define PCMK_XA_FIRST                       "first"
 #define PCMK_XA_FIRST_ACTION                "first-action"
 #define PCMK_XA_FOR                         "for"
 #define PCMK_XA_FORMAT                      "format"
 #define PCMK_XA_FUNCTION                    "function"
 #define PCMK_XA_HASH                        "hash"
 #define PCMK_XA_HAVE_QUORUM                 "have-quorum"
 #define PCMK_XA_HEALTH                      "health"
 #define PCMK_XA_HOST                        "host"
 #define PCMK_XA_HOST_INTERFACE              "host-interface"
 #define PCMK_XA_HOST_NETMASK                "host-netmask"
 #define PCMK_XA_HOURS                       "hours"
 #define PCMK_XA_ID                          "id"
 #define PCMK_XA_ID_AS_RESOURCE              "id_as_resource"
 #define PCMK_XA_ID_REF                      "id-ref"
 #define PCMK_XA_IMAGE                       "image"
 #define PCMK_XA_INDEX                       "index"
 #define PCMK_XA_INFLUENCE                   "influence"
 #define PCMK_XA_INSTANCE                    "instance"
 #define PCMK_XA_INTERNAL_PORT               "internal-port"
 #define PCMK_XA_IP_RANGE_START              "ip-range-start"
 #define PCMK_XA_IS_DC                       "is_dc"
 #define PCMK_XA_KIND                        "kind"
 #define PCMK_XA_LANG                        "lang"
 #define PCMK_XA_LAST_GRANTED                "last-granted"
 #define PCMK_XA_LAST_RC_CHANGE              "last-rc-change"
 #define PCMK_XA_LOCKED_TO                   "locked_to"
 #define PCMK_XA_LOSS_POLICY                 "loss-policy"
 #define PCMK_XA_MAINTENANCE                 "maintenance"
 #define PCMK_XA_MANAGED                     "managed"
 #define PCMK_XA_MESSAGE                     "message"
 #define PCMK_XA_MINUTES                     "minutes"
 #define PCMK_XA_MIXED_VERSION               "mixed_version"
 #define PCMK_XA_MONTHDAYS                   "monthdays"
 #define PCMK_XA_MONTHS                      "months"
 #define PCMK_XA_MULTI_STATE                 "multi_state"
 #define PCMK_XA_NAME                        "name"
 #define PCMK_XA_NETWORK                     "network"
 #define PCMK_XA_NEXT_ROLE                   "next-role"
 #define PCMK_XA_NO_QUORUM_PANIC             "no-quorum-panic"
 #define PCMK_XA_NODE                        "node"
 #define PCMK_XA_NODE_ATTRIBUTE              "node-attribute"
 #define PCMK_XA_NODES_RUNNING_ON            "nodes_running_on"
 #define PCMK_XA_NUM_UPDATES                 "num_updates"
 #define PCMK_XA_NUMBER                      "number"
 #define PCMK_XA_NUMBER_RESOURCES            "number_resources"
 #define PCMK_XA_OBJECT_TYPE                 "object-type"
 #define PCMK_XA_ONLINE                      "online"
 #define PCMK_XA_OP                          "op"
 #define PCMK_XA_OPERATION                   "operation"
 #define PCMK_XA_OPTIONS                     "options"
 #define PCMK_XA_ORIGIN                      "origin"
 #define PCMK_XA_ORPHANED                    "orphaned"
 #define PCMK_XA_PATH                        "path"
 #define PCMK_XA_PENDING                     "pending"
 #define PCMK_XA_PORT                        "port"
 #define PCMK_XA_PRESENT                     "present"
 #define PCMK_XA_PROGRAM                     "program"
 #define PCMK_XA_PROMOTED_MAX                "promoted-max"
 #define PCMK_XA_PROMOTED_ONLY               "promoted-only"
 #define PCMK_XA_PROVIDER                    "provider"
 #define PCMK_XA_QUEUE_TIME                  "queue-time"
 #define PCMK_XA_RANGE                       "range"
 #define PCMK_XA_REASON                      "reason"
 #define PCMK_XA_REFERENCE                   "reference"
 #define PCMK_XA_RELOADABLE                  "reloadable"
 #define PCMK_XA_REMOTE_CLEAR_PORT           "remote-clear-port"
 #define PCMK_XA_REMOTE_TLS_PORT             "remote-tls-port"
 #define PCMK_XA_REPLICAS                    "replicas"
 #define PCMK_XA_REPLICAS_PER_HOST           "replicas-per-host"
 #define PCMK_XA_REQUEST                     "request"
 #define PCMK_XA_REQUIRE_ALL                 "require-all"
 #define PCMK_XA_RESOURCE                    "resource"
 #define PCMK_XA_RESOURCE_AGENT              "resource_agent"
 #define PCMK_XA_RESOURCE_DISCOVERY          "resource-discovery"
 #define PCMK_XA_RESOURCES_RUNNING           "resources_running"
 #define PCMK_XA_RESULT                      "result"
 #define PCMK_XA_ROLE                        "role"
 #define PCMK_XA_RSC                         "rsc"
 #define PCMK_XA_RSC_PATTERN                 "rsc-pattern"
 #define PCMK_XA_RSC_ROLE                    "rsc-role"
 #define PCMK_XA_RUN_COMMAND                 "run-command"
 #define PCMK_XA_RUNNING                     "running"
 #define PCMK_XA_SCOPE                       "scope"
 #define PCMK_XA_SCORE                       "score"
 #define PCMK_XA_SCORE_ATTRIBUTE             "score-attribute"
 #define PCMK_XA_SEQUENTIAL                  "sequential"
 #define PCMK_XA_SECONDS                     "seconds"
 #define PCMK_XA_SHUTDOWN                    "shutdown"
 #define PCMK_XA_SOURCE                      "source"
 #define PCMK_XA_SOURCE_DIR                  "source-dir"
 #define PCMK_XA_SOURCE_DIR_ROOT             "source-dir-root"
 #define PCMK_XA_STANDBY                     "standby"
 #define PCMK_XA_STANDBY_ONFAIL              "standby_onfail"
 #define PCMK_XA_START                       "start"
 #define PCMK_XA_STATUS                      "status"
 #define PCMK_XA_SYMMETRICAL                 "symmetrical"
 #define PCMK_XA_TARGET                      "target"
 #define PCMK_XA_TARGET_ATTRIBUTE            "target-attribute"
 #define PCMK_XA_TARGET_DIR                  "target-dir"
 #define PCMK_XA_TARGET_PATTERN              "target-pattern"
 #define PCMK_XA_TARGET_ROLE                 "target_role"
 #define PCMK_XA_TARGET_VALUE                "target-value"
 #define PCMK_XA_TEMPLATE                    "template"
 #define PCMK_XA_TICKET                      "ticket"
 #define PCMK_XA_TIME                        "time"
 #define PCMK_XA_THEN                        "then"
 #define PCMK_XA_THEN_ACTION                 "then-action"
 #define PCMK_XA_TYPE                        "type"
 #define PCMK_XA_UNAME                       "uname"
 #define PCMK_XA_UNCLEAN                     "unclean"
 #define PCMK_XA_UNIQUE                      "unique"
 #define PCMK_XA_UPDATE_CLIENT               "update-client"
 #define PCMK_XA_UPDATE_ORIGIN               "update-origin"
 #define PCMK_XA_UPDATE_USER                 "update-user"
 #define PCMK_XA_USER                        "user"
 #define PCMK_XA_VALIDATE_WITH               "validate-with"
 #define PCMK_XA_VALUE                       "value"
 #define PCMK_XA_VALUE_SOURCE                "value-source"
 #define PCMK_XA_VERSION                     "version"
 #define PCMK_XA_WEEKDAYS                    "weekdays"
 #define PCMK_XA_WEEKS                       "weeks"
 #define PCMK_XA_WEEKYEARS                   "weekyears"
 #define PCMK_XA_WEIGHT                      "weight"
 #define PCMK_XA_WHEN                        "when"
 #define PCMK_XA_WITH_QUORUM                 "with_quorum"
 #define PCMK_XA_WITH_RSC                    "with-rsc"
 #define PCMK_XA_WITH_RSC_ROLE               "with-rsc-role"
 #define PCMK_XA_XPATH                       "xpath"
 #define PCMK_XA_YEARDAYS                    "yeardays"
 #define PCMK_XA_YEARS                       "years"
 
 
 #  define ID(x) crm_element_value(x, PCMK_XA_ID)
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
 
 #endif
diff --git a/tools/crm_shadow.c b/tools/crm_shadow.c
index d41c6a8295..bbc9e0ea71 100644
--- a/tools/crm_shadow.c
+++ b/tools/crm_shadow.c
@@ -1,1309 +1,1309 @@
 /*
  * Copyright 2004-2024 the Pacemaker project contributors
  *
  * The version control history for this file may have further details.
  *
  * This source code is licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2
  * or later (GPLv2+) WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
  */
 
 #include <crm_internal.h>
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include <crm/crm.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <crm/msg_xml.h>
 
 #include <crm/common/cmdline_internal.h>
 #include <crm/common/ipc.h>
 #include <crm/common/output_internal.h>
 #include <crm/common/xml.h>
 
 #include <crm/cib.h>
 #include <crm/cib/internal.h>
 
 #define SUMMARY "perform Pacemaker configuration changes in a sandbox\n\n"  \
                 "This command sets up an environment in which "             \
                 "configuration tools (cibadmin,\n"                          \
                 "crm_resource, etc.) work offline instead of against a "    \
                 "live cluster, allowing\n"                                  \
                 "changes to be previewed and tested for side effects."
 
 #define INDENT "                              "
 
 enum shadow_command {
     shadow_cmd_none = 0,
     shadow_cmd_which,
     shadow_cmd_display,
     shadow_cmd_diff,
     shadow_cmd_file,
     shadow_cmd_create,
     shadow_cmd_create_empty,
     shadow_cmd_commit,
     shadow_cmd_delete,
     shadow_cmd_edit,
     shadow_cmd_reset,
     shadow_cmd_switch,
 };
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \enum shadow_disp_flags
  * \brief Bit flags to control which fields of shadow CIB info are displayed
  *
  * \note Ignored for XML output.
  */
 enum shadow_disp_flags {
     shadow_disp_instance = (1 << 0),
     shadow_disp_file     = (1 << 1),
     shadow_disp_content  = (1 << 2),
     shadow_disp_diff     = (1 << 3),
 };
 
 static crm_exit_t exit_code = CRM_EX_OK;
 
 static struct {
     enum shadow_command cmd;
     int cmd_options;
     char *instance;
     gboolean force;
     gboolean batch;
     gboolean full_upload;
     gchar *validate_with;
 } options = {
     .cmd_options = cib_sync_call,
 };
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Display an instruction to the user
  *
  * \param[in,out] out  Output object
  * \param[in]     ...  Message arguments
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  *
  * \note The variadic message arguments are of the following format:
  *       -# Instructional message
  */
 PCMK__OUTPUT_ARGS("instruction", "const char *")
 static int
 instruction_default(pcmk__output_t *out, va_list args)
 {
     const char *msg = va_arg(args, const char *);
 
     if (msg == NULL) {
         return pcmk_rc_no_output;
     }
     return out->info(out, "%s", msg);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Display an instruction to the user
  *
  * \param[in,out] out  Output object
  * \param[in]     ...  Message arguments
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  *
  * \note The variadic message arguments are of the following format:
  *       -# Instructional message
  */
 PCMK__OUTPUT_ARGS("instruction", "const char *")
 static int
 instruction_xml(pcmk__output_t *out, va_list args)
 {
     const char *msg = va_arg(args, const char *);
 
     if (msg == NULL) {
         return pcmk_rc_no_output;
     }
     pcmk__output_create_xml_text_node(out, "instruction", msg);
     return pcmk_rc_ok;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Display information about a shadow CIB instance
  *
  * \param[in,out] out  Output object
  * \param[in]     ...  Message arguments
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  *
  * \note The variadic message arguments are of the following format:
  *       -# Instance name (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Shadow file name (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Shadow file content (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Patchset containing the changes in the shadow CIB (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Group of \p shadow_disp_flags indicating which fields to display
  */
 PCMK__OUTPUT_ARGS("shadow", "const char *", "const char *", "const xmlNode *",
                   "const xmlNode *", "enum shadow_disp_flags")
 static int
 shadow_default(pcmk__output_t *out, va_list args)
 {
     const char *instance = va_arg(args, const char *);
     const char *filename = va_arg(args, const char *);
     const xmlNode *content = va_arg(args, const xmlNode *);
     const xmlNode *diff = va_arg(args, const xmlNode *);
     enum shadow_disp_flags flags = (enum shadow_disp_flags) va_arg(args, int);
 
     int rc = pcmk_rc_no_output;
 
     if (pcmk_is_set(flags, shadow_disp_instance)) {
         rc = out->info(out, "Instance: %s", pcmk__s(instance, "<unknown>"));
     }
     if (pcmk_is_set(flags, shadow_disp_file)) {
         rc = out->info(out, "File name: %s", pcmk__s(filename, "<unknown>"));
     }
     if (pcmk_is_set(flags, shadow_disp_content)) {
         rc = out->info(out, "Content:");
 
         if (content != NULL) {
             char *buf = pcmk__trim(dump_xml_formatted_with_text(content));
 
             if (!pcmk__str_empty(buf)) {
                 out->info(out, "%s", buf);
             }
             free(buf);
 
         } else {
             out->info(out, "<unknown>");
         }
     }
     if (pcmk_is_set(flags, shadow_disp_diff)) {
         rc = out->info(out, "Diff:");
 
         if (diff != NULL) {
             out->message(out, "xml-patchset", diff);
         } else {
             out->info(out, "<empty>");
         }
     }
 
     return rc;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Display information about a shadow CIB instance
  *
  * \param[in,out] out  Output object
  * \param[in]     ...  Message arguments
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  *
  * \note The variadic message arguments are of the following format:
  *       -# Instance name (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Shadow file name (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Shadow file content (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Patchset containing the changes in the shadow CIB (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Group of \p shadow_disp_flags indicating which fields to display
  */
 PCMK__OUTPUT_ARGS("shadow", "const char *", "const char *", "const xmlNode *",
                   "const xmlNode *", "enum shadow_disp_flags")
 static int
 shadow_text(pcmk__output_t *out, va_list args)
 {
     if (!out->is_quiet(out)) {
         return shadow_default(out, args);
 
     } else {
         const char *instance = va_arg(args, const char *);
         const char *filename = va_arg(args, const char *);
         const xmlNode *content = va_arg(args, const xmlNode *);
         const xmlNode *diff = va_arg(args, const xmlNode *);
         enum shadow_disp_flags flags = (enum shadow_disp_flags) va_arg(args, int);
 
         int rc = pcmk_rc_no_output;
         bool quiet_orig = out->quiet;
 
         /* We have to disable quiet mode for the "xml-patchset" message if we
          * call it, so we might as well do so for this whole section.
          */
         out->quiet = false;
 
         if (pcmk_is_set(flags, shadow_disp_instance) && (instance != NULL)) {
             rc = out->info(out, "%s", instance);
         }
         if (pcmk_is_set(flags, shadow_disp_file) && (filename != NULL)) {
             rc = out->info(out, "%s", filename);
         }
         if (pcmk_is_set(flags, shadow_disp_content) && (content != NULL)) {
             char *buf = pcmk__trim(dump_xml_formatted_with_text(content));
 
             rc = out->info(out, "%s", pcmk__trim(buf));
             free(buf);
         }
         if (pcmk_is_set(flags, shadow_disp_diff) && (diff != NULL)) {
             rc = out->message(out, "xml-patchset", diff);
         }
 
         out->quiet = quiet_orig;
         return rc;
     }
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Display information about a shadow CIB instance
  *
  * \param[in,out] out  Output object
  * \param[in]     ...  Message arguments
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  *
  * \note The variadic message arguments are of the following format:
  *       -# Instance name (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Shadow file name (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Shadow file content (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Patchset containing the changes in the shadow CIB (can be \p NULL)
  *       -# Group of \p shadow_disp_flags indicating which fields to display
  *          (ignored)
  */
 PCMK__OUTPUT_ARGS("shadow", "const char *", "const char *", "const xmlNode *",
                   "const xmlNode *", "enum shadow_disp_flags")
 static int
 shadow_xml(pcmk__output_t *out, va_list args)
 {
     const char *instance = va_arg(args, const char *);
     const char *filename = va_arg(args, const char *);
     const xmlNode *content = va_arg(args, const xmlNode *);
     const xmlNode *diff = va_arg(args, const xmlNode *);
     enum shadow_disp_flags flags G_GNUC_UNUSED =
         (enum shadow_disp_flags) va_arg(args, int);
 
     pcmk__output_xml_create_parent(out, "shadow",
                                    PCMK_XA_INSTANCE, instance,
                                    PCMK_XA_FILE, filename,
                                    NULL);
 
     if (content != NULL) {
         char *buf = dump_xml_formatted_with_text(content);
 
         out->output_xml(out, PCMK_XE_CONTENT, buf);
         free(buf);
     }
 
     if (diff != NULL) {
         out->message(out, "xml-patchset", diff);
     }
 
     pcmk__output_xml_pop_parent(out);
     return pcmk_rc_ok;
 }
 
 static const pcmk__supported_format_t formats[] = {
     PCMK__SUPPORTED_FORMAT_NONE,
     PCMK__SUPPORTED_FORMAT_TEXT,
     PCMK__SUPPORTED_FORMAT_XML,
     { NULL, NULL, NULL }
 };
 
 static const pcmk__message_entry_t fmt_functions[] = {
     { "instruction", "default", instruction_default },
     { "instruction", "xml", instruction_xml },
     { "shadow", "default", shadow_default },
     { "shadow", "text", shadow_text },
     { "shadow", "xml", shadow_xml },
 
     { NULL, NULL, NULL }
 };
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Set the error when \p --force is not passed with a dangerous command
  *
  * \param[in]  reason         Why command is dangerous
  * \param[in]  for_shadow     If true, command is dangerous to the shadow file.
  *                            Otherwise, command is dangerous to the active
  *                            cluster.
  * \param[in]  show_mismatch  If true and the supplied shadow instance is not
  *                            the same as the active shadow instance, report
  *                            this
  * \param[out] error          Where to store error
  */
 static void
 set_danger_error(const char *reason, bool for_shadow, bool show_mismatch,
                  GError **error)
 {
     const char *active = getenv("CIB_shadow");
     char *full = NULL;
 
     if (show_mismatch
         && !pcmk__str_eq(active, options.instance, pcmk__str_null_matches)) {
 
         full = crm_strdup_printf("%s.\nAdditionally, the supplied shadow "
                                  "instance (%s) is not the same as the active "
                                  "one (%s)",
                                 reason, options.instance, active);
         reason = full;
     }
 
     g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                 "%s%sTo prevent accidental destruction of the %s, the --force "
                 "flag is required in order to proceed.",
                 pcmk__s(reason, ""), ((reason != NULL)? ".\n" : ""),
                 (for_shadow? "shadow file" : "cluster"));
     free(full);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Get the active shadow instance from the environment
  *
  * This sets \p options.instance to the value of the \p CIB_shadow env variable.
  *
  * \param[out] error  Where to store error
  */
 static int
 get_instance_from_env(GError **error)
 {
     int rc = pcmk_rc_ok;
 
     pcmk__str_update(&options.instance, getenv("CIB_shadow"));
     if (options.instance == NULL) {
         rc = ENXIO;
         exit_code = pcmk_rc2exitc(rc);
         g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "No active shadow configuration defined");
     }
     return rc;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Validate that the shadow file does or does not exist, as appropriate
  *
  * \param[in]  filename      Absolute path of shadow file
  * \param[in]  should_exist  Whether the shadow file is expected to exist
  * \param[out] error         Where to store error
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  */
 static int
 check_file_exists(const char *filename, bool should_exist, GError **error)
 {
     struct stat buf;
 
     if (!should_exist && (stat(filename, &buf) == 0)) {
         char *reason = crm_strdup_printf("A shadow instance '%s' already "
                                          "exists", options.instance);
 
         exit_code = CRM_EX_CANTCREAT;
         set_danger_error(reason, true, false, error);
         free(reason);
         return EEXIST;
     }
 
     if (should_exist && (stat(filename, &buf) < 0)) {
         // @COMPAT: Use pcmk_rc2exitc(errno)?
         exit_code = CRM_EX_NOSUCH;
         g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "Could not access shadow instance '%s': %s",
                     options.instance, strerror(errno));
         return errno;
     }
 
     return pcmk_rc_ok;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Connect to the "real" (non-shadow) CIB
  *
  * \param[out] real_cib  Where to store CIB connection
  * \param[out] error     Where to store error
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  */
 static int
 connect_real_cib(cib_t **real_cib, GError **error)
 {
     int rc = pcmk_rc_ok;
 
     *real_cib = cib_new_no_shadow();
     if (*real_cib == NULL) {
         rc = ENOMEM;
         exit_code = pcmk_rc2exitc(rc);
         g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "Could not create a CIB connection object");
         return rc;
     }
 
     rc = (*real_cib)->cmds->signon(*real_cib, crm_system_name, cib_command);
     rc = pcmk_legacy2rc(rc);
     if (rc != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         exit_code = pcmk_rc2exitc(rc);
         g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "Could not connect to CIB: %s", pcmk_rc_str(rc));
     }
     return rc;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Query the "real" (non-shadow) CIB and store the result
  *
  * \param[out]    output    Where to store query output
  * \param[out]    error     Where to store error
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  */
 static int
 query_real_cib(xmlNode **output, GError **error)
 {
     cib_t *real_cib = NULL;
     int rc = connect_real_cib(&real_cib, error);
 
     if (rc != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         goto done;
     }
 
     rc = real_cib->cmds->query(real_cib, NULL, output, options.cmd_options);
     rc = pcmk_legacy2rc(rc);
     if (rc != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         exit_code = pcmk_rc2exitc(rc);
         g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "Could not query the non-shadow CIB: %s", pcmk_rc_str(rc));
     }
 
 done:
     cib_delete(real_cib);
     return rc;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Read XML from the given file
  *
  * \param[in]  filename  Path of input file
  * \param[out] output    Where to store XML read from \p filename
  * \param[out] error     Where to store error
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code
  */
 static int
 read_xml(const char *filename, xmlNode **output, GError **error)
 {
     int rc = pcmk_rc_ok;
 
     *output = filename2xml(filename);
     if (*output == NULL) {
         rc = pcmk_rc_no_input;
         exit_code = pcmk_rc2exitc(rc);
         g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "Could not parse XML from input file '%s'", filename);
     }
     return rc;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Write the shadow XML to a file
  *
  * \param[in]  xml       Shadow XML
  * \param[in]  filename  Name of destination file
  * \param[in]  reset     Whether the write is a reset (for logging only)
  * \param[out] error     Where to store error
  */
 static int
 write_shadow_file(const xmlNode *xml, const char *filename, bool reset,
                   GError **error)
 {
     int rc = write_xml_file(xml, filename, FALSE);
 
     if (rc < 0) {
         rc = pcmk_legacy2rc(rc);
         exit_code = pcmk_rc2exitc(rc);
         g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "Could not %s the shadow instance '%s': %s",
                     reset? "reset" : "create", options.instance,
                     pcmk_rc_str(rc));
         return rc;
     }
     return pcmk_rc_ok;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Create a shell prompt based on the given shadow instance name
  *
  * \return Newly created prompt
  *
  * \note The caller is responsible for freeing the return value using \p free().
  */
 static inline char *
 get_shadow_prompt(void)
 {
     return crm_strdup_printf("shadow[%.40s] # ", options.instance);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Set up environment variables for a shadow instance
  *
  * \param[in,out] out      Output object
  * \param[in]     do_switch  If true, switch to an existing instance (logging
  *                           only)
  * \param[out]    error      Where to store error
  */
 static void
 shadow_setup(pcmk__output_t *out, bool do_switch, GError **error)
 {
     const char *active = getenv("CIB_shadow");
     const char *prompt = getenv("PS1");
     const char *shell = getenv("SHELL");
     char *new_prompt = get_shadow_prompt();
 
     if (pcmk__str_eq(active, options.instance, pcmk__str_none)
         && pcmk__str_eq(new_prompt, prompt, pcmk__str_none)) {
         // CIB_shadow and prompt environment variables are already set up
         goto done;
     }
 
     if (!options.batch && (shell != NULL)) {
         out->info(out, "Setting up shadow instance");
         setenv("PS1", new_prompt, 1);
         setenv("CIB_shadow", options.instance, 1);
 
-        out->message(out, "instruction",
+        out->message(out, PCMK_XE_INSTRUCTION,
                      "Press Ctrl+D to exit the crm_shadow shell");
 
         if (pcmk__str_eq(shell, "(^|/)bash$", pcmk__str_regex)) {
             execl(shell, shell, "--norc", "--noprofile", NULL);
         } else {
             execl(shell, shell, NULL);
         }
 
         exit_code = pcmk_rc2exitc(errno);
         g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "Failed to launch shell '%s': %s",
                     shell, pcmk_rc_str(errno));
 
     } else {
         char *msg = NULL;
         const char *prefix = "A new shadow instance was created. To begin "
                              "using it";
 
         if (do_switch) {
             prefix = "To switch to the named shadow instance";
         }
 
         msg = crm_strdup_printf("%s, enter the following into your shell:\n"
                                 "\texport CIB_shadow=%s",
                                 prefix, options.instance);
         out->message(out, "instruction", msg);
         free(msg);
     }
 
 done:
     free(new_prompt);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Remind the user to clean up the shadow environment
  *
  * \param[in,out] out  Output object
  */
 static void
 shadow_teardown(pcmk__output_t *out)
 {
     const char *active = getenv("CIB_shadow");
     const char *prompt = getenv("PS1");
 
     if (pcmk__str_eq(active, options.instance, pcmk__str_none)) {
         char *our_prompt = get_shadow_prompt();
 
         if (pcmk__str_eq(prompt, our_prompt, pcmk__str_none)) {
             out->message(out, "instruction",
                          "Press Ctrl+D to exit the crm_shadow shell");
 
         } else {
             out->message(out, "instruction",
                          "Remember to unset the CIB_shadow variable by "
                          "entering the following into your shell:\n"
                          "\tunset CIB_shadow");
         }
         free(our_prompt);
     }
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Commit the shadow file contents to the active cluster
  *
  * \param[out] error  Where to store error
  */
 static void
 commit_shadow_file(GError **error)
 {
     char *filename = NULL;
     cib_t *real_cib = NULL;
 
     xmlNodePtr input = NULL;
     xmlNodePtr section_xml = NULL;
     const char *section = NULL;
 
     int rc = pcmk_rc_ok;
 
     if (!options.force) {
         const char *reason = "The commit command overwrites the active cluster "
                              "configuration";
 
         exit_code = CRM_EX_USAGE;
         set_danger_error(reason, false, true, error);
         return;
     }
 
     filename = get_shadow_file(options.instance);
     if (check_file_exists(filename, true, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         goto done;
     }
 
     if (connect_real_cib(&real_cib, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         goto done;
     }
 
     if (read_xml(filename, &input, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         goto done;
     }
 
     section_xml = input;
 
     if (!options.full_upload) {
         section = PCMK_XE_CONFIGURATION;
         section_xml = first_named_child(input, section);
     }
 
     rc = real_cib->cmds->replace(real_cib, section, section_xml,
                                  options.cmd_options);
     rc = pcmk_legacy2rc(rc);
 
     if (rc != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         exit_code = pcmk_rc2exitc(rc);
         g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "Could not commit shadow instance '%s' to the CIB: %s",
                     options.instance, pcmk_rc_str(rc));
     }
 
 done:
     free(filename);
     cib_delete(real_cib);
     free_xml(input);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Create a new empty shadow instance
  *
  * \param[in,out] out    Output object
  * \param[out]    error  Where to store error
  *
  * \note If \p --force is given, we try to write the file regardless of whether
  *       it already exists.
  */
 static void
 create_shadow_empty(pcmk__output_t *out, GError **error)
 {
     char *filename = get_shadow_file(options.instance);
     xmlNode *output = NULL;
 
     if (!options.force
         && (check_file_exists(filename, false, error) != pcmk_rc_ok)) {
         goto done;
     }
 
     output = createEmptyCib(0);
     crm_xml_add(output, PCMK_XA_VALIDATE_WITH, options.validate_with);
     out->info(out, "Created new %s configuration",
               crm_element_value(output, PCMK_XA_VALIDATE_WITH));
 
     if (write_shadow_file(output, filename, false, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         goto done;
     }
     shadow_setup(out, false, error);
 
 done:
     free(filename);
     free_xml(output);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Create a shadow instance based on the active CIB
  *
  * \param[in,out] out    Output object
  * \param[in]     reset  If true, overwrite the given existing shadow instance.
  *                       Otherwise, create a new shadow instance with the given
  *                       name.
  * \param[out]    error  Where to store error
  *
  * \note If \p --force is given, we try to write the file regardless of whether
  *       it already exists.
  */
 static void
 create_shadow_from_cib(pcmk__output_t *out, bool reset, GError **error)
 {
     char *filename = get_shadow_file(options.instance);
     xmlNode *output = NULL;
 
     if (!options.force) {
         if (reset) {
             /* @COMPAT: Reset is dangerous to the shadow file, but to preserve
              * compatibility we can't require --force unless there's a mismatch.
              * At a compatibility break, call set_danger_error() with for_shadow
              * and show_mismatch set to true.
              */
             const char *local = getenv("CIB_shadow");
 
             if (!pcmk__str_eq(local, options.instance, pcmk__str_null_matches)) {
                 exit_code = CRM_EX_USAGE;
                 g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                             "The supplied shadow instance (%s) is not the same "
                             "as the active one (%s).\n"
                             "To prevent accidental destruction of the shadow "
                             "file, the --force flag is required in order to "
                             "proceed.",
                             options.instance, local);
                 goto done;
             }
         }
 
         if (check_file_exists(filename, reset, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
             goto done;
         }
     }
 
     if (query_real_cib(&output, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         goto done;
     }
 
     if (write_shadow_file(output, filename, reset, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         goto done;
     }
     shadow_setup(out, false, error);
 
 done:
     free(filename);
     free_xml(output);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Delete the shadow file
  *
  * \param[in,out] out  Output object
  * \param[out]    error  Where to store error
  */
 static void
 delete_shadow_file(pcmk__output_t *out, GError **error)
 {
     char *filename = NULL;
 
     if (!options.force) {
         const char *reason = "The delete command removes the specified shadow "
                              "file";
 
         exit_code = CRM_EX_USAGE;
         set_danger_error(reason, true, true, error);
         return;
     }
 
     filename = get_shadow_file(options.instance);
 
     if ((unlink(filename) < 0) && (errno != ENOENT)) {
         exit_code = pcmk_rc2exitc(errno);
         g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "Could not remove shadow instance '%s': %s",
                     options.instance, strerror(errno));
     } else {
         shadow_teardown(out);
     }
     free(filename);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Open the shadow file in a text editor
  *
  * \param[out] error  Where to store error
  *
  * \note The \p EDITOR environment variable must be set.
  */
 static void
 edit_shadow_file(GError **error)
 {
     char *filename = NULL;
     const char *editor = NULL;
 
     if (get_instance_from_env(error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         return;
     }
 
     filename = get_shadow_file(options.instance);
     if (check_file_exists(filename, true, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         goto done;
     }
 
     editor = getenv("EDITOR");
     if (editor == NULL) {
         exit_code = CRM_EX_NOT_CONFIGURED;
         g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "No value for EDITOR defined");
         goto done;
     }
 
     execlp(editor, "--", filename, NULL);
     exit_code = CRM_EX_OSFILE;
     g_set_error(error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                 "Could not invoke EDITOR (%s %s): %s",
                 editor, filename, strerror(errno));
 
 done:
     free(filename);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Show the contents of the active shadow instance
  *
  * \param[in,out] out    Output object
  * \param[out]    error  Where to store error
  */
 static void
 show_shadow_contents(pcmk__output_t *out, GError **error)
 {
     char *filename = NULL;
 
     if (get_instance_from_env(error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         return;
     }
 
     filename = get_shadow_file(options.instance);
 
     if (check_file_exists(filename, true, error) == pcmk_rc_ok) {
         xmlNode *output = NULL;
         bool quiet_orig = out->quiet;
 
         if (read_xml(filename, &output, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
             goto done;
         }
 
         out->quiet = true;
         out->message(out, "shadow",
                      options.instance, NULL, output, NULL, shadow_disp_content);
         out->quiet = quiet_orig;
 
         free_xml(output);
     }
 
 done:
     free(filename);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Show the changes in the active shadow instance
  *
  * \param[in,out] out    Output object
  * \param[out]    error  Where to store error
  */
 static void
 show_shadow_diff(pcmk__output_t *out, GError **error)
 {
     char *filename = NULL;
     xmlNodePtr old_config = NULL;
     xmlNodePtr new_config = NULL;
     xmlNodePtr diff = NULL;
     bool quiet_orig = out->quiet;
 
     if (get_instance_from_env(error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         return;
     }
 
     filename = get_shadow_file(options.instance);
     if (check_file_exists(filename, true, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         goto done;
     }
 
     if (query_real_cib(&old_config, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         goto done;
     }
 
     if (read_xml(filename, &new_config, error) != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         goto done;
     }
     xml_track_changes(new_config, NULL, new_config, false);
     xml_calculate_changes(old_config, new_config);
     diff = xml_create_patchset(0, old_config, new_config, NULL, false);
 
     pcmk__log_xml_changes(LOG_INFO, new_config);
     xml_accept_changes(new_config);
 
     out->quiet = true;
     out->message(out, "shadow",
                  options.instance, NULL, NULL, diff, shadow_disp_diff);
     out->quiet = quiet_orig;
 
     if (diff != NULL) {
         /* @COMPAT: Exit with CRM_EX_DIGEST? This is not really an error; we
          * just want to indicate that there are differences (as the diff command
          * does).
          */
         exit_code = CRM_EX_ERROR;
     }
 
 done:
     free(filename);
     free_xml(old_config);
     free_xml(new_config);
     free_xml(diff);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Show the absolute path of the active shadow instance
  *
  * \param[in,out] out    Output object
  * \param[out]    error  Where to store error
  */
 static void
 show_shadow_filename(pcmk__output_t *out, GError **error)
 {
     if (get_instance_from_env(error) == pcmk_rc_ok) {
         char *filename = get_shadow_file(options.instance);
         bool quiet_orig = out->quiet;
 
         out->quiet = true;
         out->message(out, "shadow",
                      options.instance, filename, NULL, NULL, shadow_disp_file);
         out->quiet = quiet_orig;
 
         free(filename);
     }
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Show the active shadow instance
  *
  * \param[in,out] out    Output object
  * \param[out]    error  Where to store error
  */
 static void
 show_shadow_instance(pcmk__output_t *out, GError **error)
 {
     if (get_instance_from_env(error) == pcmk_rc_ok) {
         bool quiet_orig = out->quiet;
 
         out->quiet = true;
         out->message(out, "shadow",
                      options.instance, NULL, NULL, NULL, shadow_disp_instance);
         out->quiet = quiet_orig;
     }
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Switch to the given shadow instance
  *
  * \param[in,out] out    Output object
  * \param[out]    error  Where to store error
  */
 static void
 switch_shadow_instance(pcmk__output_t *out, GError **error)
 {
     char *filename = NULL;
 
     filename = get_shadow_file(options.instance);
     if (check_file_exists(filename, true, error) == pcmk_rc_ok) {
         shadow_setup(out, true, error);
     }
     free(filename);
 }
 
 static gboolean
 command_cb(const gchar *option_name, const gchar *optarg, gpointer data,
            GError **error)
 {
     if (pcmk__str_any_of(option_name, "-w", "--which", NULL)) {
         options.cmd = shadow_cmd_which;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_any_of(option_name, "-p", "--display", NULL)) {
         options.cmd = shadow_cmd_display;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_any_of(option_name, "-d", "--diff", NULL)) {
         options.cmd = shadow_cmd_diff;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_any_of(option_name, "-F", "--file", NULL)) {
         options.cmd = shadow_cmd_file;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_any_of(option_name, "-c", "--create", NULL)) {
         options.cmd = shadow_cmd_create;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_any_of(option_name, "-e", "--create-empty", NULL)) {
         options.cmd = shadow_cmd_create_empty;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_any_of(option_name, "-C", "--commit", NULL)) {
         options.cmd = shadow_cmd_commit;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_any_of(option_name, "-D", "--delete", NULL)) {
         options.cmd = shadow_cmd_delete;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_any_of(option_name, "-E", "--edit", NULL)) {
         options.cmd = shadow_cmd_edit;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_any_of(option_name, "-r", "--reset", NULL)) {
         options.cmd = shadow_cmd_reset;
 
     } else if (pcmk__str_any_of(option_name, "-s", "--switch", NULL)) {
         options.cmd = shadow_cmd_switch;
 
     } else {
         // Should be impossible
         return FALSE;
     }
 
     // optarg may be NULL and that's okay
     pcmk__str_update(&options.instance, optarg);
     return TRUE;
 }
 
 static GOptionEntry query_entries[] = {
     { "which", 'w', G_OPTION_FLAG_NO_ARG, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK, command_cb,
       "Indicate the active shadow copy", NULL },
 
     { "display", 'p', G_OPTION_FLAG_NO_ARG, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK, command_cb,
       "Display the contents of the active shadow copy", NULL },
 
     { "diff", 'd', G_OPTION_FLAG_NO_ARG, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK, command_cb,
       "Display the changes in the active shadow copy", NULL },
 
     { "file", 'F', G_OPTION_FLAG_NO_ARG, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK, command_cb,
       "Display the location of the active shadow copy file", NULL },
 
     { NULL }
 };
 
 static GOptionEntry command_entries[] = {
     { "create", 'c', G_OPTION_FLAG_NONE, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK, command_cb,
       "Create the named shadow copy of the active cluster configuration",
       "name" },
 
     { "create-empty", 'e', G_OPTION_FLAG_NONE, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK,
       command_cb,
       "Create the named shadow copy with an empty cluster configuration.\n"
       INDENT "Optional: --validate-with", "name" },
 
     { "commit", 'C', G_OPTION_FLAG_NONE, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK, command_cb,
       "Upload the contents of the named shadow copy to the cluster", "name" },
 
     { "delete", 'D', G_OPTION_FLAG_NONE, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK, command_cb,
       "Delete the contents of the named shadow copy", "name" },
 
     { "edit", 'E', G_OPTION_FLAG_NO_ARG, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK, command_cb,
       "Edit the contents of the active shadow copy with your favorite $EDITOR",
       NULL },
 
     { "reset", 'r', G_OPTION_FLAG_NONE, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK, command_cb,
       "Recreate named shadow copy from the active cluster configuration",
       "name" },
 
     { "switch", 's', G_OPTION_FLAG_NONE, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK, command_cb,
       "(Advanced) Switch to the named shadow copy", "name" },
 
     { NULL }
 };
 
 static GOptionEntry addl_entries[] = {
     { "force", 'f', G_OPTION_FLAG_NONE, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE, &options.force,
       "(Advanced) Force the action to be performed", NULL },
 
     { "batch", 'b', G_OPTION_FLAG_NONE, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE, &options.batch,
       "(Advanced) Don't spawn a new shell", NULL },
 
     { "all", 'a', G_OPTION_FLAG_NONE, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE, &options.full_upload,
       "(Advanced) Upload entire CIB, including status, with --commit", NULL },
 
     { "validate-with", 'v', G_OPTION_FLAG_NONE, G_OPTION_ARG_STRING,
       &options.validate_with,
       "(Advanced) Create an older configuration version", NULL },
 
     { NULL }
 };
 
 static GOptionContext *
 build_arg_context(pcmk__common_args_t *args, GOptionGroup **group)
 {
     const char *desc = NULL;
     GOptionContext *context = NULL;
 
     desc = "Examples:\n\n"
            "Create a blank shadow configuration:\n\n"
            "\t# crm_shadow --create-empty myShadow\n\n"
            "Create a shadow configuration from the running cluster\n\n"
            "\t# crm_shadow --create myShadow\n\n"
            "Display the current shadow configuration:\n\n"
            "\t# crm_shadow --display\n\n"
            "Discard the current shadow configuration (named myShadow):\n\n"
            "\t# crm_shadow --delete myShadow --force\n\n"
            "Upload current shadow configuration (named myShadow) to running "
            "cluster:\n\n"
            "\t# crm_shadow --commit myShadow\n\n";
 
     context = pcmk__build_arg_context(args, "text (default), xml", group,
                                       "<query>|<command>");
     g_option_context_set_description(context, desc);
 
     pcmk__add_arg_group(context, "queries", "Queries:",
                         "Show query help", query_entries);
     pcmk__add_arg_group(context, "commands", "Commands:",
                         "Show command help", command_entries);
     pcmk__add_arg_group(context, "additional", "Additional Options:",
                         "Show additional options", addl_entries);
     return context;
 }
 
 int
 main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
     int rc = pcmk_rc_ok;
     pcmk__output_t *out = NULL;
 
     GError *error = NULL;
 
     GOptionGroup *output_group = NULL;
     pcmk__common_args_t *args = pcmk__new_common_args(SUMMARY);
     gchar **processed_args = pcmk__cmdline_preproc(argv, "CDcersv");
     GOptionContext *context = build_arg_context(args, &output_group);
 
     crm_log_preinit(NULL, argc, argv);
 
     pcmk__register_formats(output_group, formats);
 
     if (!g_option_context_parse_strv(context, &processed_args, &error)) {
         exit_code = CRM_EX_USAGE;
         goto done;
     }
 
     rc = pcmk__output_new(&out, args->output_ty, args->output_dest, argv);
     if (rc != pcmk_rc_ok) {
         exit_code = CRM_EX_ERROR;
         g_set_error(&error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "Error creating output format %s: %s", args->output_ty,
                     pcmk_rc_str(rc));
         goto done;
     }
 
     if (g_strv_length(processed_args) > 1) {
         gchar *help = g_option_context_get_help(context, TRUE, NULL);
         GString *extra = g_string_sized_new(128);
 
         for (int lpc = 1; processed_args[lpc] != NULL; lpc++) {
             if (extra->len > 0) {
                 g_string_append_c(extra, ' ');
             }
             g_string_append(extra, processed_args[lpc]);
         }
 
         exit_code = CRM_EX_USAGE;
         g_set_error(&error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "non-option ARGV-elements: %s\n\n%s", extra->str, help);
         g_free(help);
         g_string_free(extra, TRUE);
         goto done;
     }
 
     if (args->version) {
         out->version(out, false);
         goto done;
     }
 
     pcmk__register_messages(out, fmt_functions);
 
     if (options.cmd == shadow_cmd_none) {
         // @COMPAT: Create a default command if other tools have one
         gchar *help = g_option_context_get_help(context, TRUE, NULL);
 
         exit_code = CRM_EX_USAGE;
         g_set_error(&error, PCMK__EXITC_ERROR, exit_code,
                     "Must specify a query or command option\n\n%s", help);
         g_free(help);
         goto done;
     }
 
     pcmk__cli_init_logging("crm_shadow", args->verbosity);
 
     if (args->verbosity > 0) {
         cib__set_call_options(options.cmd_options, crm_system_name,
                               cib_verbose);
     }
 
     // Run the command
     switch (options.cmd) {
         case shadow_cmd_commit:
             commit_shadow_file(&error);
             break;
         case shadow_cmd_create:
             create_shadow_from_cib(out, false, &error);
             break;
         case shadow_cmd_create_empty:
             create_shadow_empty(out, &error);
             break;
         case shadow_cmd_reset:
             create_shadow_from_cib(out, true, &error);
             break;
         case shadow_cmd_delete:
             delete_shadow_file(out, &error);
             break;
         case shadow_cmd_diff:
             show_shadow_diff(out, &error);
             break;
         case shadow_cmd_display:
             show_shadow_contents(out, &error);
             break;
         case shadow_cmd_edit:
             edit_shadow_file(&error);
             break;
         case shadow_cmd_file:
             show_shadow_filename(out, &error);
             break;
         case shadow_cmd_switch:
             switch_shadow_instance(out, &error);
             break;
         case shadow_cmd_which:
             show_shadow_instance(out, &error);
             break;
         default:
             // Should never reach this point
             break;
     }
 
 done:
     g_strfreev(processed_args);
     pcmk__free_arg_context(context);
 
     pcmk__output_and_clear_error(&error, out);
 
     free(options.instance);
     g_free(options.validate_with);
 
     if (out != NULL) {
         out->finish(out, exit_code, true, NULL);
         pcmk__output_free(out);
     }
 
     crm_exit(exit_code);
 }