diff --git a/lib/fencing/st_actions.c b/lib/fencing/st_actions.c
index e4e43225cd..306001af69 100644
--- a/lib/fencing/st_actions.c
+++ b/lib/fencing/st_actions.c
@@ -1,692 +1,693 @@
 /*
  * Copyright 2004-2021 the Pacemaker project contributors
  *
  * The version control history for this file may have further details.
  *
  * This source code is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License
  * version 2.1 or later (LGPLv2.1+) WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
  */
 
 #include <crm_internal.h>
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <libgen.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <glib.h>
 
 #include <crm/crm.h>
 #include <crm/stonith-ng.h>
 #include <crm/fencing/internal.h>
 #include <crm/msg_xml.h>
 #include <crm/services_internal.h>
 
 #include "fencing_private.h"
 
 struct stonith_action_s {
     /*! user defined data */
     char *agent;
     char *action;
     char *victim;
     GHashTable *args;
     int timeout;
     int async;
     void *userdata;
     void (*done_cb) (int pid, const pcmk__action_result_t *result,
                      void *user_data);
     void (*fork_cb) (int pid, void *user_data);
 
     svc_action_t *svc_action;
 
     /*! internal timing information */
     time_t initial_start_time;
     int tries;
     int remaining_timeout;
     int max_retries;
 
     int pid;
     pcmk__action_result_t result;
 };
 
 static int internal_stonith_action_execute(stonith_action_t *action);
 static void log_action(stonith_action_t *action, pid_t pid);
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Set an action's result based on services library result
  *
  * \param[in] action      Fence action to set result for
  * \param[in] svc_action  Service action to get result from
  */
 static void
 set_result_from_svc_action(stonith_action_t *action, svc_action_t *svc_action)
 {
     pcmk__set_result(&(action->result), svc_action->rc, svc_action->status,
                      services__exit_reason(svc_action));
     pcmk__set_result_output(&(action->result),
                             services__grab_stdout(svc_action),
                             services__grab_stderr(svc_action));
 }
 
 static void
 log_action(stonith_action_t *action, pid_t pid)
 {
     /* The services library has already logged the output at info or debug
      * level, so just raise to warning for stderr.
      */
     if (action->result.action_stderr != NULL) {
         /* Logging the whole string confuses syslog when the string is xml */
         char *prefix = crm_strdup_printf("%s[%d] stderr:", action->agent, pid);
 
         crm_log_output(LOG_WARNING, prefix, action->result.action_stderr);
         free(prefix);
     }
 }
 
 static void
 append_config_arg(gpointer key, gpointer value, gpointer user_data)
 {
     /* The fencer will filter "action" out when it registers the device,
      * but ignore it here in case any external API users don't.
      *
      * Also filter out parameters handled directly by Pacemaker.
      */
     if (!pcmk__str_eq(key, STONITH_ATTR_ACTION_OP, pcmk__str_casei)
         && !pcmk_stonith_param(key)
         && (strstr(key, CRM_META) == NULL)
         && !pcmk__str_eq(key, "crm_feature_set", pcmk__str_casei)) {
 
         crm_trace("Passing %s=%s with fence action",
                   (const char *) key, (const char *) (value? value : ""));
         g_hash_table_insert((GHashTable *) user_data,
                             strdup(key), strdup(value? value : ""));
     }
 }
 
 static GHashTable *
 make_args(const char *agent, const char *action, const char *victim,
           uint32_t victim_nodeid, GHashTable * device_args,
           GHashTable * port_map, const char *host_arg)
 {
     GHashTable *arg_list = NULL;
     const char *value = NULL;
 
     CRM_CHECK(action != NULL, return NULL);
 
     arg_list = pcmk__strkey_table(free, free);
 
     // Add action to arguments (using an alias if requested)
     if (device_args) {
         char buffer[512];
 
         snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "pcmk_%s_action", action);
         value = g_hash_table_lookup(device_args, buffer);
         if (value) {
             crm_debug("Substituting '%s' for fence action %s targeting %s",
                       value, action, victim);
             action = value;
         }
     }
     g_hash_table_insert(arg_list, strdup(STONITH_ATTR_ACTION_OP),
                         strdup(action));
 
     /* If this is a fencing operation against another node, add more standard
      * arguments.
      */
     if (victim && device_args) {
         const char *param = NULL;
 
         /* Always pass the target's name, per
          * https://github.com/ClusterLabs/fence-agents/blob/master/doc/FenceAgentAPI.md
          */
         g_hash_table_insert(arg_list, strdup("nodename"), strdup(victim));
 
         // If the target's node ID was specified, pass it, too
         if (victim_nodeid) {
             char *nodeid = crm_strdup_printf("%" PRIu32, victim_nodeid);
 
             // cts-fencing looks for this log message
             crm_info("Passing '%s' as nodeid with fence action '%s' targeting %s",
                      nodeid, action, victim);
             g_hash_table_insert(arg_list, strdup("nodeid"), nodeid);
         }
 
         // Check whether target must be specified in some other way
         param = g_hash_table_lookup(device_args, PCMK_STONITH_HOST_ARGUMENT);
         if (!pcmk__str_eq(agent, "fence_legacy", pcmk__str_none)
             && !pcmk__str_eq(param, "none", pcmk__str_casei)) {
 
             if (param == NULL) {
                 /* Use the caller's default for pcmk_host_argument, or "port" if
                  * none was given
                  */
                 param = (host_arg == NULL)? "port" : host_arg;
             }
             value = g_hash_table_lookup(device_args, param);
 
             if (pcmk__str_eq(value, "dynamic",
                              pcmk__str_casei|pcmk__str_null_matches)) {
                 /* If the host argument was "dynamic" or not explicitly specified,
                  * add it with the target
                  */
                 const char *alias = NULL;
 
                 if (port_map) {
                     alias = g_hash_table_lookup(port_map, victim);
                 }
                 if (alias == NULL) {
                     alias = victim;
                 }
                 crm_debug("Passing %s='%s' with fence action %s targeting %s",
                           param, alias, action, victim);
                 g_hash_table_insert(arg_list, strdup(param), strdup(alias));
             }
         }
     }
 
     if (device_args) {
         g_hash_table_foreach(device_args, append_config_arg, arg_list);
     }
 
     return arg_list;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Free all memory used by a stonith action
  *
  * \param[in,out] action  Action to free
  */
 void
 stonith__destroy_action(stonith_action_t *action)
 {
     if (action) {
         free(action->agent);
         if (action->args) {
             g_hash_table_destroy(action->args);
         }
         free(action->action);
         free(action->victim);
         if (action->svc_action) {
             services_action_free(action->svc_action);
         }
         pcmk__reset_result(&(action->result));
         free(action);
     }
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Get the result of an executed stonith action
  *
  * \param[in] action  Executed action
  *
  * \return Pointer to action's result (or NULL if \p action is NULL)
  */
 pcmk__action_result_t *
 stonith__action_result(stonith_action_t *action)
 {
     return (action == NULL)? NULL : &(action->result);
 }
 
 #define FAILURE_MAX_RETRIES 2
 stonith_action_t *
 stonith_action_create(const char *agent,
                       const char *_action,
                       const char *victim,
                       uint32_t victim_nodeid,
                       int timeout, GHashTable * device_args,
                       GHashTable * port_map, const char *host_arg)
 {
     stonith_action_t *action;
 
     action = calloc(1, sizeof(stonith_action_t));
     CRM_ASSERT(action != NULL);
 
     action->args = make_args(agent, _action, victim, victim_nodeid,
                              device_args, port_map, host_arg);
     crm_debug("Preparing '%s' action for %s using agent %s",
               _action, (victim? victim : "no target"), agent);
     action->agent = strdup(agent);
     action->action = strdup(_action);
     if (victim) {
         action->victim = strdup(victim);
     }
     action->timeout = action->remaining_timeout = timeout;
     action->max_retries = FAILURE_MAX_RETRIES;
 
     pcmk__set_result(&(action->result), PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN, PCMK_EXEC_UNKNOWN,
                      "Initialization bug in fencing library");
 
     if (device_args) {
         char buffer[512];
         const char *value = NULL;
 
         snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "pcmk_%s_retries", _action);
         value = g_hash_table_lookup(device_args, buffer);
 
         if (value) {
             action->max_retries = atoi(value);
         }
     }
 
     return action;
 }
 
 static gboolean
 update_remaining_timeout(stonith_action_t * action)
 {
     int diff = time(NULL) - action->initial_start_time;
 
     if (action->tries >= action->max_retries) {
         crm_info("Attempted to execute agent %s (%s) the maximum number of times (%d) allowed",
                  action->agent, action->action, action->max_retries);
         action->remaining_timeout = 0;
     } else if ((action->result.execution_status != PCMK_EXEC_TIMEOUT)
                && (diff < (action->timeout * 0.7))) {
         /* only set remaining timeout period if there is 30%
          * or greater of the original timeout period left */
         action->remaining_timeout = action->timeout - diff;
     } else {
         action->remaining_timeout = 0;
     }
     return action->remaining_timeout ? TRUE : FALSE;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Map a fencing action result to a standard return code
  *
  * \param[in] result  Fencing action result to map
  *
  * \return Standard Pacemaker return code that best corresponds to \p result
  */
 int
 stonith__result2rc(const pcmk__action_result_t *result)
 {
     if (pcmk__result_ok(result)) {
         return pcmk_rc_ok;
     }
 
     switch (result->execution_status) {
         case PCMK_EXEC_PENDING:         return EINPROGRESS;
         case PCMK_EXEC_CANCELLED:       return ECANCELED;
         case PCMK_EXEC_TIMEOUT:         return ETIME;
         case PCMK_EXEC_NOT_INSTALLED:   return ENOENT;
         case PCMK_EXEC_NOT_SUPPORTED:   return EOPNOTSUPP;
         case PCMK_EXEC_NOT_CONNECTED:   return ENOTCONN;
         case PCMK_EXEC_NO_FENCE_DEVICE: return ENODEV;
         case PCMK_EXEC_NO_SECRETS:      return EACCES;
 
         /* For the fencing API, PCMK_EXEC_INVALID is used with fencer API
          * operations that don't involve executing an agent (for example,
          * registering devices). This allows us to use the CRM_EX_* codes in the
          * exit status for finer-grained responses.
          */
         case PCMK_EXEC_INVALID:
             switch (result->exit_status) {
                 case CRM_EX_INVALID_PARAM:      return EINVAL;
                 case CRM_EX_INSUFFICIENT_PRIV:  return EACCES;
                 case CRM_EX_PROTOCOL:           return EPROTO;
 
                /* CRM_EX_EXPIRED is used for orphaned fencing operations left
                 * over from a previous instance of the fencer. For API backward
                 * compatibility, this is mapped to the previously used code for
                 * this case, EHOSTUNREACH.
                 */
                 case CRM_EX_EXPIRED:            return EHOSTUNREACH;
                 default:                        break;
             }
             break;
 
         default:
             break;
     }
 
     // Try to provide useful error code based on result's error output
 
     if (result->action_stderr == NULL) {
         return ENODATA;
 
     } else if (strcasestr(result->action_stderr, "timed out")
                || strcasestr(result->action_stderr, "timeout")) {
         return ETIME;
 
     } else if (strcasestr(result->action_stderr, "unrecognised action")
                || strcasestr(result->action_stderr, "unrecognized action")
                || strcasestr(result->action_stderr, "unsupported action")) {
         return EOPNOTSUPP;
     }
 
     // Oh well, we tried
     return pcmk_rc_error;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Determine execution status equivalent of legacy fencer return code
  *
  * Fence action notifications, and fence action callbacks from older fencers
  * (<=2.1.2) in a rolling upgrade, will have only a legacy return code. Map this
  * to an execution status as best as possible (essentially, the inverse of
  * stonith__result2rc()).
  *
  * \param[in] rc           Legacy return code from fencer
  *
  * \return Execution status best corresponding to \p rc
  */
 int
 stonith__legacy2status(int rc)
 {
     if (rc >= 0) {
         return PCMK_EXEC_DONE;
     }
     switch (-rc) {
         case EACCES:            return PCMK_EXEC_NO_SECRETS;
         case ECANCELED:         return PCMK_EXEC_CANCELLED;
         case EHOSTUNREACH:      return PCMK_EXEC_INVALID;
         case EINPROGRESS:       return PCMK_EXEC_PENDING;
         case ENODEV:            return PCMK_EXEC_NO_FENCE_DEVICE;
         case ENOENT:            return PCMK_EXEC_NOT_INSTALLED;
         case ENOTCONN:          return PCMK_EXEC_NOT_CONNECTED;
         case EOPNOTSUPP:        return PCMK_EXEC_NOT_SUPPORTED;
         case EPROTO:            return PCMK_EXEC_INVALID;
         case EPROTONOSUPPORT:   return PCMK_EXEC_NOT_SUPPORTED;
         case ETIME:             return PCMK_EXEC_TIMEOUT;
         case ETIMEDOUT:         return PCMK_EXEC_TIMEOUT;
         default:                return PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;
     }
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Add a fencing result to an XML element as attributes
  *
  * \param[in] xml     XML element to add result to
  * \param[in] result  Fencing result to add (assume success if NULL)
  */
 void
 stonith__xe_set_result(xmlNode *xml, const pcmk__action_result_t *result)
 {
     int exit_status = CRM_EX_OK;
     enum pcmk_exec_status execution_status = PCMK_EXEC_DONE;
     const char *exit_reason = NULL;
     const char *action_stdout = NULL;
     int rc = pcmk_ok;
 
     CRM_CHECK(xml != NULL, return);
 
     if (result != NULL) {
         exit_status = result->exit_status;
         execution_status = result->execution_status;
         exit_reason = result->exit_reason;
         action_stdout = result->action_stdout;
         rc = pcmk_rc2legacy(stonith__result2rc(result));
     }
 
     crm_xml_add_int(xml, XML_LRM_ATTR_OPSTATUS, (int) execution_status);
     crm_xml_add_int(xml, XML_LRM_ATTR_RC, exit_status);
     crm_xml_add(xml, XML_LRM_ATTR_EXIT_REASON, exit_reason);
     crm_xml_add(xml, F_STONITH_OUTPUT, action_stdout);
 
     /* @COMPAT Peers in rolling upgrades, Pacemaker Remote nodes, and external
      * code that use libstonithd <=2.1.2 don't check for the full result, and
      * need a legacy return code instead.
      */
     crm_xml_add_int(xml, F_STONITH_RC, rc);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Find a fencing result beneath an XML element
  *
  * \param[in]  xml     XML element to search
  *
  * \return \p xml or descendent of it that contains a fencing result, else NULL
  */
 xmlNode *
 stonith__find_xe_with_result(xmlNode *xml)
 {
     xmlNode *match = get_xpath_object("//@" XML_LRM_ATTR_RC, xml, LOG_NEVER);
 
     if (match == NULL) {
         /* @COMPAT Peers <=2.1.2 in a rolling upgrade provide only a legacy
          * return code, not a full result, so check for that.
          */
         match = get_xpath_object("//@" F_STONITH_RC, xml, LOG_ERR);
     }
     return match;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Get a fencing result from an XML element's attributes
  *
  * \param[in]  xml     XML element with fencing result
  * \param[out] result  Where to store fencing result
  */
 void
 stonith__xe_get_result(xmlNode *xml, pcmk__action_result_t *result)
 {
     int exit_status = CRM_EX_OK;
     int execution_status = PCMK_EXEC_DONE;
     const char *exit_reason = NULL;
     char *action_stdout = NULL;
 
     CRM_CHECK((xml != NULL) && (result != NULL), return);
 
     exit_reason = crm_element_value(xml, XML_LRM_ATTR_EXIT_REASON);
     action_stdout = crm_element_value_copy(xml, F_STONITH_OUTPUT);
 
     // A result must include an exit status and execution status
     if ((crm_element_value_int(xml, XML_LRM_ATTR_RC, &exit_status) < 0)
         || (crm_element_value_int(xml, XML_LRM_ATTR_OPSTATUS,
                                   &execution_status) < 0)) {
         int rc = pcmk_ok;
         exit_status = CRM_EX_ERROR;
 
         /* @COMPAT Peers <=2.1.2 in rolling upgrades provide only a legacy
          * return code, not a full result, so check for that.
          */
         if (crm_element_value_int(xml, F_STONITH_RC, &rc) == 0) {
             if ((rc == pcmk_ok) || (rc == -EINPROGRESS)) {
                 exit_status = CRM_EX_OK;
             }
             execution_status = stonith__legacy2status(rc);
             exit_reason = pcmk_strerror(rc);
 
         } else {
             execution_status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;
             exit_reason = "Fencer reply contained neither a full result "
                           "nor a legacy return code (bug?)";
         }
     }
     pcmk__set_result(result, exit_status, execution_status, exit_reason);
     pcmk__set_result_output(result, action_stdout, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 stonith_action_async_done(svc_action_t *svc_action)
 {
     stonith_action_t *action = (stonith_action_t *) svc_action->cb_data;
 
     set_result_from_svc_action(action, svc_action);
 
     svc_action->params = NULL;
 
     crm_debug("Child process %d performing action '%s' exited with rc %d",
                 action->pid, action->action, svc_action->rc);
 
     log_action(action, action->pid);
 
     if (!pcmk__result_ok(&(action->result))
         && update_remaining_timeout(action)) {
 
         int rc = internal_stonith_action_execute(action);
         if (rc == pcmk_ok) {
             return;
         }
     }
 
     if (action->done_cb) {
         action->done_cb(action->pid, &(action->result), action->userdata);
     }
 
     action->svc_action = NULL; // don't remove our caller
     stonith__destroy_action(action);
 }
 
 static void
 stonith_action_async_forked(svc_action_t *svc_action)
 {
     stonith_action_t *action = (stonith_action_t *) svc_action->cb_data;
 
     action->pid = svc_action->pid;
     action->svc_action = svc_action;
 
     if (action->fork_cb) {
         (action->fork_cb) (svc_action->pid, action->userdata);
     }
 
+    pcmk__set_result(&(action->result), PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN, PCMK_EXEC_PENDING,
+                     NULL);
+
     crm_trace("Child process %d performing action '%s' successfully forked",
               action->pid, action->action);
 }
 
 static int
 internal_stonith_action_execute(stonith_action_t * action)
 {
     int rc = -EPROTO;
     int is_retry = 0;
     svc_action_t *svc_action = NULL;
     static int stonith_sequence = 0;
     char *buffer = NULL;
 
     CRM_CHECK(action != NULL, return -EINVAL);
 
     if ((action->action == NULL) || (action->args == NULL)
         || (action->agent == NULL)) {
         pcmk__set_result(&(action->result), PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN_ERROR,
                          PCMK_EXEC_ERROR_FATAL, "Bug in fencing library");
         return -EINVAL;
     }
 
     if (!action->tries) {
         action->initial_start_time = time(NULL);
     }
     action->tries++;
 
     if (action->tries > 1) {
         crm_info("Attempt %d to execute %s (%s). remaining timeout is %d",
                  action->tries, action->agent, action->action, action->remaining_timeout);
         is_retry = 1;
     }
 
     buffer = crm_strdup_printf(PCMK__FENCE_BINDIR "/%s",
                                basename(action->agent));
     svc_action = services_action_create_generic(buffer, NULL);
     free(buffer);
 
     if (svc_action->rc != PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN) {
         set_result_from_svc_action(action, svc_action);
         services_action_free(svc_action);
         return -E2BIG;
     }
 
     svc_action->timeout = 1000 * action->remaining_timeout;
     svc_action->standard = strdup(PCMK_RESOURCE_CLASS_STONITH);
     svc_action->id = crm_strdup_printf("%s_%s_%d", basename(action->agent),
                                        action->action, action->tries);
     svc_action->agent = strdup(action->agent);
     svc_action->sequence = stonith_sequence++;
     svc_action->params = action->args;
     svc_action->cb_data = (void *) action;
     svc_action->flags = pcmk__set_flags_as(__func__, __LINE__,
                                            LOG_TRACE, "Action",
                                            svc_action->id, svc_action->flags,
                                            SVC_ACTION_NON_BLOCKED,
                                            "SVC_ACTION_NON_BLOCKED");
 
     /* keep retries from executing out of control and free previous results */
     if (is_retry) {
         pcmk__reset_result(&(action->result));
         sleep(1);
     }
 
     if (action->async) {
         /* async */
         if (services_action_async_fork_notify(svc_action,
                                               &stonith_action_async_done,
                                               &stonith_action_async_forked)) {
-            pcmk__set_result(&(action->result), PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN,
-                             PCMK_EXEC_PENDING, NULL);
             return pcmk_ok;
         }
 
     } else if (services_action_sync(svc_action)) { // sync success
         rc = pcmk_ok;
 
     } else { // sync failure
         rc = -ECONNABORTED;
     }
 
     set_result_from_svc_action(action, svc_action);
     svc_action->params = NULL;
     services_action_free(svc_action);
     return rc;
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Kick off execution of an async stonith action
  *
  * \param[in,out] action        Action to be executed
  * \param[in,out] userdata      Datapointer to be passed to callbacks
  * \param[in]     done          Callback to notify action has failed/succeeded
  * \param[in]     fork_callback Callback to notify successful fork of child
  *
  * \return pcmk_ok if ownership of action has been taken, -errno otherwise
  */
 int
 stonith_action_execute_async(stonith_action_t * action,
                              void *userdata,
                              void (*done) (int pid,
                                            const pcmk__action_result_t *result,
                                            void *user_data),
                              void (*fork_cb) (int pid, void *user_data))
 {
     if (!action) {
         return -EINVAL;
     }
 
     action->userdata = userdata;
     action->done_cb = done;
     action->fork_cb = fork_cb;
     action->async = 1;
 
     return internal_stonith_action_execute(action);
 }
 
 /*!
  * \internal
  * \brief Execute a stonith action
  *
  * \param[in,out] action  Action to execute
  *
  * \return pcmk_ok on success, -errno otherwise
  */
 int
 stonith__execute(stonith_action_t *action)
 {
     int rc = pcmk_ok;
 
     CRM_CHECK(action != NULL, return -EINVAL);
 
     // Keep trying until success, max retries, or timeout
     do {
         rc = internal_stonith_action_execute(action);
     } while ((rc != pcmk_ok) && update_remaining_timeout(action));
 
     return rc;
 }