diff --git a/lib/services/services.c b/lib/services/services.c
index adfc508f91..93841e7602 100644
--- a/lib/services/services.c
+++ b/lib/services/services.c
@@ -1,557 +1,561 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2010 Andrew Beekhof <andrew@beekhof.net>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  *
  * This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  * General Public License for more details.
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
  * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  */
 
 #include <crm_internal.h>
 
 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
 #  define _GNU_SOURCE
 #endif
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
 #include <crm/crm.h>
 #include <crm/common/mainloop.h>
 #include <crm/services.h>
 #include <crm/msg_xml.h>
 #include "services_private.h"
 
 #if SUPPORT_UPSTART
 #  include <upstart.h>
 #endif
 
 #if SUPPORT_SYSTEMD
 #  include <systemd.h>
 #endif
 
 /* TODO: Develop a rollover strategy */
 
 static int operations = 0;
 GHashTable *recurring_actions = NULL;
 
 svc_action_t *
 services_action_create(const char *name, const char *action, int interval, int timeout)
 {
     return resources_action_create(name, "lsb", NULL, name, action, interval, timeout, NULL);
 }
 
 svc_action_t *
 resources_action_create(const char *name, const char *standard, const char *provider,
                         const char *agent, const char *action, int interval, int timeout,
                         GHashTable * params)
 {
     svc_action_t *op = NULL;
 
     /*
      * Do some up front sanity checks before we go off and
      * build the svc_action_t instance.
      */
 
     if (crm_strlen_zero(name)) {
         crm_err("A service or resource action must have a name.");
         goto return_error;
     }
 
     if (crm_strlen_zero(standard)) {
         crm_err("A service action must have a valid standard.");
         goto return_error;
     }
 
     if (!strcasecmp(standard, "ocf") && crm_strlen_zero(provider)) {
         crm_err("An OCF resource action must have a provider.");
         goto return_error;
     }
 
     if (crm_strlen_zero(agent)) {
         crm_err("A service or resource action must have an agent.");
         goto return_error;
     }
 
     if (crm_strlen_zero(action)) {
         crm_err("A service or resource action must specify an action.");
         goto return_error;
     }
 
     if (safe_str_eq(action, "monitor")
         && (safe_str_eq(standard, "lsb") || safe_str_eq(standard, "service"))) {
         action = "status";
     }
 
     /*
      * Sanity checks passed, proceed!
      */
 
     op = calloc(1, sizeof(svc_action_t));
     op->opaque = calloc(1, sizeof(svc_action_private_t));
     op->rsc = strdup(name);
     op->action = strdup(action);
     op->interval = interval;
     op->timeout = timeout;
     op->standard = strdup(standard);
     op->agent = strdup(agent);
     op->sequence = ++operations;
     if (asprintf(&op->id, "%s_%s_%d", name, action, interval) == -1) {
         goto return_error;
     }
 
     if (strcasecmp(op->standard, "service") == 0) {
         /* Work it out and then fall into the if-else block below.
          * Priority is:
          * - lsb
          * - systemd
          * - upstart
          */
         int rc = 0;
         struct stat st;
         char *path = NULL;
 
 #ifdef LSB_ROOT_DIR
         rc = asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", LSB_ROOT_DIR, op->agent);
         if (rc > 0 && stat(path, &st) == 0) {
             crm_debug("Found an lsb agent for %s/% the", op->rsc, op->agent);
             free(path);
             free(op->standard);
             op->standard = strdup("lsb");
             goto expanded;
         }
         free(path);
 #endif
 
 #if SUPPORT_SYSTEMD
         if (systemd_unit_exists(op->agent)) {
             crm_debug("Found a systemd agent for %s/%s", op->rsc, op->agent);
             free(op->standard);
             op->standard = strdup("systemd");
             goto expanded;
         }
 #endif
 
 #if SUPPORT_UPSTART
         if (upstart_job_exists(op->agent)) {
             crm_debug("Found an upstart agent for %s/%s", op->rsc, op->agent);
             free(op->standard);
             op->standard = strdup("upstart");
             goto expanded;
         }
 #endif
 
         crm_info("Cannot determine the standard for %s (%s)", op->rsc, op->agent);
     }
 
   expanded:
     if (strcasecmp(op->standard, "ocf") == 0) {
         op->provider = strdup(provider);
         op->params = params;
         params = NULL;
 
         if (asprintf(&op->opaque->exec, "%s/resource.d/%s/%s", OCF_ROOT_DIR, provider, agent) == -1) {
             crm_err("Internal error: cannot create agent path");
             goto return_error;
         }
         op->opaque->args[0] = strdup(op->opaque->exec);
         op->opaque->args[1] = strdup(action);
 
     } else if (strcasecmp(op->standard, "lsb") == 0) {
         if (op->agent[0] == '/') {
             /* if given an absolute path, use that instead
              * of tacking on the LSB_ROOT_DIR path to the front */
             op->opaque->exec = strdup(op->agent);
         } else if (asprintf(&op->opaque->exec, "%s/%s", LSB_ROOT_DIR, op->agent) == -1) {
             crm_err("Internal error: cannot create agent path");
             goto return_error;
         }
         op->opaque->args[0] = strdup(op->opaque->exec);
         op->opaque->args[1] = strdup(op->action);
         op->opaque->args[2] = NULL;
 
 #if SUPPORT_SYSTEMD
     } else if (strcasecmp(op->standard, "systemd") == 0) {
         op->opaque->exec = strdup("systemd-dbus");
 #endif
 #if SUPPORT_UPSTART
     } else if (strcasecmp(op->standard, "upstart") == 0) {
         op->opaque->exec = strdup("upstart-dbus");
 #endif
     } else if (strcasecmp(op->standard, "service") == 0) {
         op->opaque->exec = strdup(SERVICE_SCRIPT);
         op->opaque->args[0] = strdup(SERVICE_SCRIPT);
         op->opaque->args[1] = strdup(agent);
         op->opaque->args[2] = strdup(action);
 
 #if SUPPORT_NAGIOS
     } else if (strcasecmp(op->standard, "nagios") == 0) {
         int index = 0;
 
         if (op->agent[0] == '/') {
             /* if given an absolute path, use that instead
              * of tacking on the NAGIOS_PLUGIN_DIR path to the front */
             op->opaque->exec = strdup(op->agent);
 
         } else if (asprintf(&op->opaque->exec, "%s/%s", NAGIOS_PLUGIN_DIR, op->agent) == -1) {
             crm_err("Internal error: cannot create agent path");
             goto return_error;
         }
 
         op->opaque->args[0] = strdup(op->opaque->exec);
         index = 1;
 
         if (safe_str_eq(op->action, "monitor") && op->interval == 0) {
             /* Invoke --version for a nagios probe */
             op->opaque->args[index] = strdup("--version");
             index++;
 
         } else if (params) {
             GHashTableIter iter;
             char *key = NULL;
             char *value = NULL;
             static int args_size = sizeof(op->opaque->args) / sizeof(char *);
 
             g_hash_table_iter_init(&iter, params);
 
             while (g_hash_table_iter_next(&iter, (gpointer *) & key, (gpointer *) & value) &&
                    index <= args_size - 3) {
                 int len = 3;
                 char *long_opt = NULL;
 
                 if (safe_str_eq(key, XML_ATTR_CRM_VERSION) || strstr(key, CRM_META "_")) {
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 len += strlen(key);
                 long_opt = calloc(1, len);
                 sprintf(long_opt, "--%s", key);
                 long_opt[len - 1] = 0;
 
                 op->opaque->args[index] = long_opt;
                 op->opaque->args[index + 1] = strdup(value);
                 index += 2;
             }
         }
         op->opaque->args[index] = NULL;
 #endif
 
     } else {
         crm_err("Unknown resource standard: %s", op->standard);
         services_action_free(op);
         op = NULL;
     }
 
     if(params) {
         g_hash_table_destroy(params);
     }
     return op;
 
   return_error:
     if(params) {
         g_hash_table_destroy(params);
     }
     services_action_free(op);
 
     return NULL;
 }
 
 svc_action_t *
 services_action_create_generic(const char *exec, const char *args[])
 {
     svc_action_t *op;
     unsigned int cur_arg;
 
     op = calloc(1, sizeof(*op));
     op->opaque = calloc(1, sizeof(svc_action_private_t));
 
     op->opaque->exec = strdup(exec);
     op->opaque->args[0] = strdup(exec);
 
     for (cur_arg = 1; args && args[cur_arg - 1]; cur_arg++) {
         op->opaque->args[cur_arg] = strdup(args[cur_arg - 1]);
 
         if (cur_arg == DIMOF(op->opaque->args) - 1) {
             crm_err("svc_action_t args list not long enough for '%s' execution request.", exec);
             break;
         }
     }
 
     return op;
 }
 
 void
 services_action_free(svc_action_t * op)
 {
     unsigned int i;
 
     if (op == NULL) {
         return;
     }
 
     if (op->opaque->stderr_gsource) {
         mainloop_del_fd(op->opaque->stderr_gsource);
         op->opaque->stderr_gsource = NULL;
     }
 
     if (op->opaque->stdout_gsource) {
         mainloop_del_fd(op->opaque->stdout_gsource);
         op->opaque->stdout_gsource = NULL;
     }
 
     free(op->id);
     free(op->opaque->exec);
 
     for (i = 0; i < DIMOF(op->opaque->args); i++) {
         free(op->opaque->args[i]);
     }
 
     free(op->opaque);
     free(op->rsc);
     free(op->action);
 
     free(op->standard);
     free(op->agent);
     free(op->provider);
 
     free(op->stdout_data);
     free(op->stderr_data);
 
     if (op->params) {
         g_hash_table_destroy(op->params);
         op->params = NULL;
     }
 
     free(op);
 }
 
 gboolean
 cancel_recurring_action(svc_action_t * op)
 {
     if (op->pid) {
         return FALSE;
     }
 
     crm_info("Cancelling operation %s", op->id);
 
     if (recurring_actions) {
         g_hash_table_remove(recurring_actions, op->id);
     }
 
     if (op->opaque->repeat_timer) {
         g_source_remove(op->opaque->repeat_timer);
     }
 
     return TRUE;
 }
 
 gboolean
 services_action_cancel(const char *name, const char *action, int interval)
 {
     svc_action_t *op = NULL;
     char id[512];
 
     snprintf(id, sizeof(id), "%s_%s_%d", name, action, interval);
 
     if (!(op = g_hash_table_lookup(recurring_actions, id))) {
         return FALSE;
     }
 
     if (cancel_recurring_action(op)) {
         op->status = PCMK_LRM_OP_CANCELLED;
         if (op->opaque->callback) {
             op->opaque->callback(op);
         }
         services_action_free(op);
     } else {
         crm_info("Cancelling op: %s will occur once operation completes", id);
         op->cancel = 1;
     }
 
     return TRUE;
 }
 
 gboolean
 services_action_async(svc_action_t * op, void (*action_callback) (svc_action_t *))
 {
     if (action_callback) {
         op->opaque->callback = action_callback;
     }
 
     if (recurring_actions == NULL) {
         recurring_actions = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, g_str_equal, NULL, NULL);
     }
 
     if (op->interval > 0) {
         g_hash_table_replace(recurring_actions, op->id, op);
     }
+    if (op->standard && strcasecmp(op->standard, "upstart") == 0) {
 #if SUPPORT_UPSTART
-    if (strcasecmp(op->standard, "upstart") == 0) {
         return upstart_job_exec(op, FALSE);
-    }
 #endif
+    }
+    if (op->standard && strcasecmp(op->standard, "systemd") == 0) {
 #if SUPPORT_SYSTEMD
-    if (strcasecmp(op->standard, "systemd") == 0) {
         return systemd_unit_exec(op, FALSE);
-    }
 #endif
+    }
     return services_os_action_execute(op, FALSE);
 }
 
 gboolean
 services_action_sync(svc_action_t * op)
 {
     gboolean rc = TRUE;
 
-    if (strcasecmp(op->standard, "upstart") == 0) {
+    if (op == NULL) {
+        crm_trace("No operation to execute");
+        return FALSE;
+
+    } else if (op->standard == NULL && strcasecmp(op->standard, "upstart") == 0) {
 #if SUPPORT_UPSTART
         rc = upstart_job_exec(op, TRUE);
 #endif
-    } else if (strcasecmp(op->standard, "systemd") == 0) {
+    } else if (op->standard == NULL && strcasecmp(op->standard, "systemd") == 0) {
 #if SUPPORT_SYSTEMD
         rc = systemd_unit_exec(op, TRUE);
 #endif
     } else {
         rc = services_os_action_execute(op, TRUE);
     }
     crm_trace(" > %s_%s_%d: %s = %d", op->rsc, op->action, op->interval, op->opaque->exec, op->rc);
     if (op->stdout_data) {
         crm_trace(" >  stdout: %s", op->stdout_data);
     }
     if (op->stderr_data) {
         crm_trace(" >  stderr: %s", op->stderr_data);
     }
     return rc;
 }
 
 GList *
 get_directory_list(const char *root, gboolean files, gboolean executable)
 {
     return services_os_get_directory_list(root, files, executable);
 }
 
 GList *
 services_list(void)
 {
     return resources_list_agents("lsb", NULL);
 }
 
 GList *
 resources_list_standards(void)
 {
     GList *standards = NULL;
     GList *agents = NULL;
 
     standards = g_list_append(standards, strdup("ocf"));
     standards = g_list_append(standards, strdup("lsb"));
     standards = g_list_append(standards, strdup("service"));
 
 #if SUPPORT_SYSTEMD
     agents = systemd_unit_listall();
 #else
     agents = NULL;
 #endif
 
     if (agents) {
         standards = g_list_append(standards, strdup("systemd"));
         g_list_free_full(agents, free);
     }
 #if SUPPORT_UPSTART
     agents = upstart_job_listall();
 #else
     agents = NULL;
 #endif
 
     if (agents) {
         standards = g_list_append(standards, strdup("upstart"));
         g_list_free_full(agents, free);
     }
 #if SUPPORT_NAGIOS
     agents = resources_os_list_nagios_agents();
     if (agents) {
         standards = g_list_append(standards, strdup("nagios"));
         g_list_free_full(agents, free);
     }
 #endif
 
     return standards;
 }
 
 GList *
 resources_list_providers(const char *standard)
 {
     if (strcasecmp(standard, "ocf") == 0) {
         return resources_os_list_ocf_providers();
     }
 
     return NULL;
 }
 
 GList *
 resources_list_agents(const char *standard, const char *provider)
 {
     if (standard == NULL || strcasecmp(standard, "service") == 0) {
         GList *tmp1;
         GList *tmp2;
         GList *result = resources_os_list_lsb_agents();
 
         if (standard == NULL) {
             tmp1 = result;
             tmp2 = resources_os_list_ocf_agents(NULL);
             if (tmp2) {
                 result = g_list_concat(tmp1, tmp2);
             }
         }
 #if SUPPORT_SYSTEMD
         tmp1 = result;
         tmp2 = systemd_unit_listall();
         if (tmp2) {
             result = g_list_concat(tmp1, tmp2);
         }
 #endif
 
 #if SUPPORT_UPSTART
         tmp1 = result;
         tmp2 = upstart_job_listall();
         if (tmp2) {
             result = g_list_concat(tmp1, tmp2);
         }
 #endif
 
         return result;
 
     } else if (strcasecmp(standard, "ocf") == 0) {
         return resources_os_list_ocf_agents(provider);
     } else if (strcasecmp(standard, "lsb") == 0) {
         return resources_os_list_lsb_agents();
 #if SUPPORT_SYSTEMD
     } else if (strcasecmp(standard, "systemd") == 0) {
         return systemd_unit_listall();
 #endif
 #if SUPPORT_UPSTART
     } else if (strcasecmp(standard, "upstart") == 0) {
         return upstart_job_listall();
 #endif
 #if SUPPORT_NAGIOS
     } else if (strcasecmp(standard, "nagios") == 0) {
         return resources_os_list_nagios_agents();
 #endif
     }
 
     return NULL;
 }