diff --git a/dev-guides/ra-dev-guide-docinfo.xml b/dev-guides/ra-dev-guide-docinfo.xml index 5871f1318..c9c072a41 100644 --- a/dev-guides/ra-dev-guide-docinfo.xml +++ b/dev-guides/ra-dev-guide-docinfo.xml @@ -1,45 +1,57 @@ Florian Haas + + LINBIT HA-Solutions GmbH + florian.haas@linbit.com + + John + Shi + + Novell, Inc. + + Original ocft README + jshi@novell.com + 2010 2011 LINBIT HA-Solutions GmbH License information The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). A summary of CC-BY-SA is available at . The full license text is available at . In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. 1.0.1 January 3, 2011 FGH 1.0.0 December 13, 2010 FGH diff --git a/dev-guides/ra-dev-guide.txt b/dev-guides/ra-dev-guide.txt index 9a36d9584..313225e62 100644 --- a/dev-guides/ra-dev-guide.txt +++ b/dev-guides/ra-dev-guide.txt @@ -1,1757 +1,1938 @@ = The OCF Resource Agent Developer's Guide == Introduction This document is to serve as a guide and reference for all developers, maintainers, and contributors working on OCF (Open Cluster Framework) compliant cluster resource agents. It explains the anatomy and general functionality of a resource agent, illustrates the resource agent API, and provides valuable hints and tips to resource agent authors. === What is a resource agent? A resource agent is an executable that manages a cluster resource. No formal definition of a cluster resource exists, other than "anything a cluster manages is a resource." Cluster resources can be as diverse as IP addresses, file systems, database services, and entire virtual machines -- to name just a few examples. === Who or what uses a resource agent? Any Open Cluster Framework (OCF) compliant cluster management application is capable of managing resources using the resource agents described in this document. At the time of writing, two OCF compliant cluster management applications exist for the Linux platform: * _Pacemaker_, a cluster manager supporting both the Corosync and Heartbeat cluster messaging frameworks. Pacemaker evolved out of the Linux-HA project. * _RGmanager_, the cluster manager bundled in Red Hat Cluster Suite. It supports the Corosync cluster messaging framework exclusively. === Which language is a resource agent written in? An OCF compliant resource agent can be implemented in _any_ programming language. The API is not language specific. However, most resource agents are implemented as shell scripts, which is why this guide primarily uses example code written in shell language. == API definitions === Environment variables A resource agent receives all configuration information about the resource it manages via environment variables. The names of these environment variables are always the name of the resource parameter, prefixed with +OCF_RESKEY_+. For example, if the resource has an +ip+ parameter set to +192.168.1.1+, then the resource agent will have access to an environment variable +OCF_RESKEY_ip+ holding that value. For any resource parameter that is not required to be set by the user -- that is, its parameter definition in the resource agent metadata does not specify +required="true"+ -- then the resource agent must * Provide a reasonable default. This should be advertised in the metadata. By convention, the resource agent uses a variable named +OCF_RESKEY__default+ that holds this default. * Alternatively, cater correctly for the value being empty. In addition, the cluster manager may also support _meta_ resource parameters. These do not apply directly to the resource configuration, but rather specify _how_ the cluster resource manager is expected to manage the resource. For example, the Pacemaker cluster manager uses the +target-role+ meta parameter to specify whether the resource should be started or stopped. Meta parameters are passed into the resource agent in the +OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_+ namespace, with any hypens converted to underscores. Thus, the +target-role+ attribute maps to an environment variable named +OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_target_role+. === Actions Any resource agent must support one command-line argument which specifies the action the resource agent is about to execute. The following actions must be supported by any resource agent: * +start+ -- starts the resource. * +stop+ -- shuts down the resource. * +monitor+ -- queries the resource for its state. * +meta-data+ -- dumps the resource agent metadata. In addition, resource agents may optionally support the following actions: * +promote+ -- turns a resource into the +Master+ role (Master/Slave resources only). * +demote+ -- turns a resource into the +Slave+ role (Master/Slave resources only). * +migrate_to+ and +migrate_from+ -- implement live migration of resources. * +validate-all+ -- validates a resource's configuration. * +usage+ or +help+ -- displays a usage message when the resource agent is invoked from the command line, rather than by the cluster manager. * +status+ -- historical (deprecated) synonym for +monitor+. === Timeouts Action timeouts are enforced outside the resource agent proper. It is the cluster manager's responsibility to monitor how long a resource agent action has been running, and terminate it if it does not meet its completion deadline. Thus, resource agents need not themselves check for any timeout expiry. Resource agents can, however, _advise_ the user of sensible timeout values (which, when correctly set, will be duly enforced by the cluster manager). See <<_metadata,the following section>> for details on how a resource agent advertises its suggested timeouts. === Metadata Every resource agent must describe its own purpose and supported parameters in a set of XML metadata. This metadata is used by cluster management applications for on-line help, and resource agent man pages are generated from it as well. The following is a fictitious set of metadata from an imaginary resource agent: [source,xml] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.1 This is a fictitious example resource agent written for the OCF Resource Agent Developers Guide. Example resource agent for budding OCF RA developers Number of eggs, an example numeric parameter Number of eggs Enable superfrobnication, an example boolean parameter Enable superfrobnication Data directory, an example string parameter Data directory -------------------------------------------------------------------------- The +resource-agent+ element, of which there must only be one per resource agent, defines the resource agent +name+ and +version+. The +longdesc+ and +shortdesc+ elements in +resource-agent+ provide a long and short description of the resource agent's functionality. While +shortdesc+ is a one-line description of what the resource agent does and is usually used in terse listings, +longdesc+ should give a full-blown description of the resource agent in as much detail as possible. The +parameters+ element describes the resource agent parameters, and should hold any number of +parameter+ children -- one for each parameter that the resource agent supports. Every +parameter+ should, like the +resource-agent+ as a whole, come with a +shortdesc+ and a +longdesc+, and also a +content+ child that describes the parameter's expected content. On the +content+ element, there may be four different attributes: * +type+ describes the parameter type (+string+, +integer+, or +boolean+). If unset, +type+ defaults to +string+. * +required+ indicates whether setting the parameter is mandatory (+required="true"+) or optional (+required="false"+). * For optional parameters, it is customary to provide a sensible default via the +default+ attribute. * Finally, the +unique+ attribute (allowed values: +true+ or +false+) indicates that a specific value must be unique across the cluster, for this parameter of this particular resource type. For example, a highly available floating IP address is declared +unique+ -- as that one IP address should run only once throughout the cluster, avoiding duplicates. The +actions+ list defines the actions that the resource agent advertises as supported. Every +action+ should list its own +timeout+ value. This is a hint to the user what _minimal_ timeout should be configured for the action. This is meant to cater for the fact that some resources are quick to start and stop (IP addresses or filesystems, for example), some may take several minutes to do so (such as databases). In addition, recurring actions (such as +monitor+) should also specify a recommended minimum +interval+, which is the time between two consecutive invocations of the same action. Like +timeout+, this value does not constitute a default -- it is merely a hint for the user which action interval to configure, at minimum. == Return codes For any invocation, resource agents must exit with a defined return code that informs the caller of the outcome of the invoked action. The return codes are explained in detail in the following subsections. === +OCF_SUCCESS+ (0) The action completed successfully. This is the expected return code for any successful +start+, +stop+, +promote+, +demote+, +migrate_from+, +migrate_to+, +meta_data+, +help+, and +usage+ action. For +monitor+ (and its deprecated alias, +status+), however, a modified convention applies: * For primitive (stateless) resources, +OCF_SUCCESS+ from +monitor+ means that the resource is running. Non-running and gracefully shut-down resources must instead return +OCF_NOT_RUNNING+. * For master/slave (stateful) resources, +OCF_SUCCESS+ from +monitor+ means that the resource is running _in Slave mode_. Resources running in Master mode must instead return +OCF_RUNNING_MASTER+, and gracefully shut-down resources must instead return +OCF_NOT_RUNNING+. === +OCF_ERR_GENERIC+ (1) The action returned a generic error. A resource agent should use this exit code only when none of the more specific error codes, defined below, accurately describes the problem. The cluster resource manager interprets this exit code as a _soft_ error. This means that unless specifically configured otherwise, the resource manager will attempt to recover a resource which failed with +OCF_ERR_GENERIC+ in-place -- usually by restarting the resource on the same node. === +OCF_ERR_ARGS+ (2) The resource agent was invoked with incorrect arguments. This is a safety net "can't happen" error which the resource agent should only return when invoked with, for example, an incorrect number of command line arguments. NOTE: The resource agent should not return this error when instructed to perform an action that it does not support. Instead, under those circumstances, it should return +OCF_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED+. === +OCF_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED+ (3) The resource agent was instructed to execute an action that the agent does not implement. Not all resource agent actions are mandatory. +promote+, +demote+, +migrate_to+, +migrate_from+, and +notify+, are all optional actions which the resource agent may or may not implement. When a non-stateful resource agent is misconfigured as a master/slave resource, for example, then the resource agent should alert the user about this misconfiguration by returning +OCF_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED+ on the +promote+ and +demote+ actions. === +OCF_ERR_PERM+ (4) The action failed due to insufficient permissions. This may be due to the agent not being able to open a certain file, to listen on a specific socket, to write to a directory, or similar. The cluster resource manager interprets this exit code as a _hard_ error. This means that unless specifically configured otherwise, the resource manager will attempt to recover a resource which failed with this error by restarting the resource on a different node (where the permission problem may not exist). === +OCF_ERR_INSTALLED+ (5) The action failed because a required component is missing on the node where the action was executed. This may be due to a required binary not being executable, or a vital configuration file being unreadable. The cluster resource manager interprets this exit code as a _hard_ error. This means that unless specifically configured otherwise, the resource manager will attempt to recover a resource which failed with this error by restarting the resource on a different node (where the required files or binaries may be present). === +OCF_ERR_CONFIGURED+ (6) The action failed because the user misconfigured the resource. For example, the user may have configured an alphanumeric string for a parameter that really should be an integer. The cluster resource manager interprets this exit code as a _fatal_ error. Since this is a configuration error that is present cluster-wide, it would make no sense to recover such a resource on a different node, let alone in-place. When a resource fails with this error, the cluster manager will attempt to shut down the resource, and wait for administrator intervention. === +OCF_NOT_RUNNING+ (7) The resource was found not to be running. This is an exit code that may be returned by the +monitor+ action exclusively. Note that this implies that the resource has either _gracefully_ shut down, or has never been started. If the resource is not running due to an error condition, the +monitor+ action should instead return one of the +OCF_ERR_+ exit codes or +OCF_FAILED_MASTER+. === +OCF_RUNNING_MASTER+ (8) The resource was found to be running in the +Master+ role. This applies only to stateful (Master/Slave) resources, and only to their +monitor+ action. Note that there is no specific exit code for "running in slave mode". This is because their is no functional distinction between a primitive resource running normally, and a stateful resource running as a slave. The +monitor+ action of a stateful resource running normally in the +Slave+ role should simply return +OCF_SUCCESS+. === +OCF_FAILED_MASTER+ (9) The resource was found to have failed in the +Master+ role. This applies only to stateful (Master/Slave) resources, and only to their +monitor+ action. The cluster resource manager interprets this exit code as a _soft_ error. This means that unless specifically configured otherwise, the resource manager will attempt to recover a resource which failed with +$OCF_FAILED_MASTER+ in-place -- usually by demoting, stopping, starting and then promoting the resource on the same node. == Resource agent structure A typical (shell-based) resource agent contains standard structural items, in the order as listed in this section. It describes the expected behavior of a resource agent with respect to the various actions it supports, using a fictitous resource agent named +foobar+ as an example. === Resource agent interpreter Any resource agent implemented as a script must specify its interpreter using standard "shebang" (+#!+) header syntax. [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- #!/bin/sh -------------------------------------------------------------------------- If a resource agent is written in shell, specifying the generic shell interpreter (+#!/bin/sh+) is generally preferred, though not required. Resource agents declared as +/bin/sh+ compatible must not use constructs native to a specific shell (such as, for example, +${!variable}+ syntax native to +bash+). It is advisable to occasionally run such resource agents through a sanitization utility such as +checkbashisms+. It is considered a regression to introduce a patch that will make a previously +sh+ compatible resource agent suitable only for +bash+, +ksh+, or any other non-generic shell. It is, however, perfectly acceptable for a new resource agent to explicitly define a specific shell, such as +/bin/bash+, as its interpreter. === Author and license information The resource agent should contain a comment listing the resource agent author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), and stating the license that applies to the resource agent: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Resource Agent for managing foobar resources. # # License: GNU General Public License (GPL) # (c) 2008-2010 John Doe, Jane Roe, # and Linux-HA contributors -------------------------------------------------------------------------- When a resource agent refers to a license for which multiple versions exist, it is assumed that the current version applies. === Initialization Any shell resource agent should source the +.ocf-shellfuncs+ function library. With the syntax below, this is done in terms of +$OCF_FUNCTIONS_DIR+, which -- for testing purposes, and also for generating documentation -- may be overridden from the command line. [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Initialization: : ${OCF_FUNCTIONS_DIR=${OCF_ROOT}/resource.d/heartbeat} . ${OCF_FUNCTIONS_DIR}/.ocf-shellfuncs -------------------------------------------------------------------------- === Functions implementing resource agent actions What follows next are the functions implementing the resource agent's advertised actions. The individual actions are described in detail in <<_resource_agent_actions>>. === Execution block This is the part of the resource agent that actually executes when the resource agent is invoked. It typically follows a fairly standard structure: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Make sure meta-data and usage always succeed case $__OCF_ACTION in meta-data) foobar_meta_data exit $OCF_SUCCESS ;; usage|help) foobar_usage exit $OCF_SUCCESS ;; esac # Anything other than meta-data and usage must pass validation foobar_validate || exit $? # Translate each action into the appropriate function call case $__OCF_ACTION in start) foobar_start;; stop) foobar_stop;; status|monitor) foobar_monitor;; promote) foobar_promote;; demote) foobar_demote;; reload) ocf_log info "Reloading..." foobar_start ;; validate-all) ;; *) foobar_usage exit $OCF_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED ;; esac rc=$? # The resource agent may optionally log a debug message ocf_log debug "${OCF_RESOURCE_INSTANCE} $__OCF_ACTION returned $rc" exit $rc -------------------------------------------------------------------------- == Resource agent actions Each action is typically implemented in a separate function or method in the resource agent. By convention, these are usually named +_+, so the function implementing the +start+ action in +foobar+ would be named +foobar_start()+. As a general rule, whenever the resource agent encounters an error that it is not able to recover, it is permitted to immediately exit, throw an exception, or otherwise cease execution. Examples for this include configuration issues, missing binaries, permission problems, etc. It is not necessary to pass these errors up the call stack. It is the cluster manager's responsibility to initiate the appropriate recovery action based on the user's configuration. The resource agent should not guess at said configuration. === +start+ action When invoked with the +start+ action, the resource agent must start the resource if it is not yet running. This means that the agent must verify the resource's configuration, query its state, and then start it only if it is not running. A common way of doing this would be to invoke the +validate_all+ and +monitor+ function first, as in the following example: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_start() { # exit immediately if configuration is not valid foobar_validate_all || exit $? # if resource is already running, bail out early if foobar_monitor; then ocf_log info "Resource is already running" return $OCF_SUCCESS fi # actually start up the resource here (make sure to immediately # exit with an $OCF_ERR_ error code if anything goes seriously # wrong) ... # After the resource has been started, check whether it started up # correctly. If the resource starts asynchronously, the agent may # spin on the monitor function here -- if the resource does not # start up within the defined timeout, the cluster manager will # consider the start action failed while ! foobar_monitor; do ocf_log debug "Resource has not started yet, waiting" sleep 1 done # only return $OCF_SUCCESS if _everything_ succeeded as expected return $OCF_SUCCESS } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- === +stop+ action When invoked with the +stop+ action, the resource agent must stop the resource, if it is running. This means that the agent must verify the resource configuration, query its state, and then stop it only if it is currently running. A common way of doing this would be to invoke the +validate_all+ and +monitor+ function first. It is important to understand that +stop+ is a force operation -- the resource agent must do everything in its power to shut down, the resource, short of rebooting the node or shutting it off. Consider the following example: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_stop() { local rc # exit immediately if configuration is not valid foobar_validate_all || exit $? foobar_monitor rc=$? case "$rc" in "$OCF_SUCCESS") # Currently running. Normal, expected behavior. ocf_log debug "Resource is currently running" ;; "$OCF_RUNNING_MASTER") # Running as a Master. Need to demote before stopping. ocf_log info "Resource is currently running as Master" foobar_demote || \ ocf_log warn "Demote failed, trying to stop anyway" ;; "$OCF_NOT_RUNNING") # Currently not running. Nothing to do. ocf_log info "Resource is already stopped" return $OCF_SUCCESS ;; esac # actually shut down the resource here (make sure to immediately # exit with an $OCF_ERR_ error code if anything goes seriously # wrong) ... # After the resource has been stopped, check whether it shut down # correctly. If the resource stops asynchronously, the agent may # spin on the monitor function here -- if the resource does not # shut down within the defined timeout, the cluster manager will # consider the stop action failed while foobar_monitor; do ocf_log debug "Resource has not stopped yet, waiting" sleep 1 done # only return $OCF_SUCCESS if _everything_ succeeded as expected return $OCF_SUCCESS } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: The expected exit code for a successful stop operation is +$OCF_SUCCESS+, _not_ +$OCF_NOT_RUNNING+. IMPORTANT: A failed stop operation is a potentially dangerous situation which the cluster manager will almost invariably try to resolve by means of node fencing. In other words, the cluster manager will forcibly evict from the cluster a node on which a stop operation has failed. While this measure serves ultimately to protect data, it does cause disruption to applications and their users. Thus, a resource agent should make sure that it exits with an error only if all avenues for proper resource shutdown have been exhausted. === +monitor+ action The +monitor+ action queries the current status of a resource. It must discern between three different states: * resource is currently running (return +$OCF_SUCCESS+); * resource has stopped gracefully (return +$OCF_NOT_RUNNING+); * resource has run into a problem and must be considered failed (return the appropriate +$OCF_ERR_+ code to indicate the nature of the problem). [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_monitor() { local rc # exit immediately if configuration is not valid foobar_validate_all || exit $? ocf_run frobnicate --test # This example assumes the following exit code convention # for frobnicate: # 0: running, and fully caught up with master # 1: gracefully stopped # any other: error case "$?" in 0) rc=$OCF_SUCCESS ocf_log debug "Resource is running" ;; 1) rc=$OCF_NOT_RUNNING ocf_log debug "Resource is not running" ;; *) ocf_log err "Resource has failed" exit $OCF_ERR_GENERIC esac return $rc } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stateful (master/slave) resource agents may use a more elaborate monitoring scheme where they can provide "hints" to the cluster manager identifying which instance is best suited to assume the +Master+ role. <<_specifying_a_master_preference>> explains the details. NOTE: The cluster manager may invoke the +monitor+ action for a _probe_, which is a test whether the resource is currently running. Normally, the monitor operation would behave exactly the same during a probe and a "real" monitor action. If a specific resource does require special treatment for probes, however, the +ocf_is_probe+ convenience function is available in the OCF shell functions library for that purpose. === +validate-all+ action The +validate-all+ action tests for correct resource agent configuration and a working environment. +validate-all+ should exit with one of the following return codes: * +$OCF_SUCCESS+ -- all is well, the configuration is valid and usable. * +$OCF_ERR_CONFIGURED+ -- the user has misconfigured the resource. * +$OCF_ERR_INSTALLED+ -- the resource has possibly been configured correctly, but a vital component is missing on the node where +validate-all+ is being executed. * +$OCF_ERR_PERM+ -- the resource is configured correctly and is not missing any required components, but is suffering from a permission issue (such as not being able to create a necessary file). +validate-all+ is usually wrapped in a function that is not only called when explicitly invoking the corresponding action, but also -- as a sanity check -- from just about any other function. Therefore, the resource agent author must keep in mind that the function may be invoked during the +start+, +stop+, and +monitor+ operations, and also during probes. Probes pose a separate challenge for validation. During a probe (when the cluster manager may expect the resource _not_ to be running on the node where the probe is executed), some required components may be _expected_ to not be available on the affected node. For example, this includes any shared data on storage devices not available for reading during the probe. The +validate-all+ function may thus need to treat probes specially, using the +ocf_is_probe+ convenience function: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_validate_all() { # Test for configuration errors first if ! ocf_is_decimal $OCF_RESKEY_eggs; then ocf_log err "eggs is not numeric!" exit $OCF_ERR_CONFIGURED fi # Test for required binaries check_binary frobnicate # Check for data directory (this may be on shared storage, so # disable this test during probes) if ! ocf_is_probe; then if ! [ -d $OCF_RESKEY_datadir ]; then ocf_log err "$OCF_RESKEY_datadir does not exist or is not a directory!" exit $OCF_ERR_INSTALLED fi fi return $OCF_SUCCESS } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- === +meta-data+ action The +meta-data+ action dumps the resource agent metadata to standard output. The output must follow the metadata format as specified in <<_metadata>>. [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_meta_data { cat < 0.1 ... EOF } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- === +promote+ action The +promote+ action is optional. It must only be supported by _stateful_ resource agents, which means agents that discern between two distinct _roles_: +Master+ and +Slave+. +Slave+ is functionally identical to the +Started+ state in a stateless resource agent. Thus, while a regular (stateless) resource agent only needs to implement +start+ and +stop+, a stateful resource agent must also support the +promote+ action to be able to make a transition between the +Started+ (+Slave+) and +Master+ roles. [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_promote() { local rc # exit immediately if configuration is not valid foobar_validate_all || exit $? # test the resource's current state foobar_monitor rc=$? case "$rc" in "$OCF_SUCCESS") # Running as slave. Normal, expected behavior. ocf_log debug "Resource is currently running as Slave" ;; "$OCF_RUNNING_MASTER") # Already a master. Unexpected, but not a problem. ocf_log info "Resource is already running as Master" return $OCF_SUCCESS ;; "$OCF_NOT_RUNNING") # Currently not running. Need to start before promoting. ocf_log info "Resource is currently not running" foobar_start ;; *) # Failed resource. Let the cluster manager recover. ocf_log err "Unexpected error, cannot promote" exit $rc ;; esac # actually promote the resource here (make sure to immediately # exit with an $OCF_ERR_ error code if anything goes seriously # wrong) ocf_run frobnicate --master-mode || exit $OCF_ERR_GENERIC # After the resource has been promoted, check whether the # promotion worked. If the resource promotion is asynchronous, the # agent may spin on the monitor function here -- if the resource # does not assume the Master role within the defined timeout, the # cluster manager will consider the promote action failed. while true; do foobar_monitor if [ $? -eq $OCF_RUNNING_MASTER ]; then ocf_log debug "Resource promoted" break else ocf_log debug "Resource still awaiting promotion" sleep 1 fi done # only return $OCF_SUCCESS if _everything_ succeeded as expected return $OCF_SUCCESS } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- === +demote+ action The +demote+ action is optional. It must only be supported by _stateful_ resource agents, which means agents that discern between two distict _roles_: +Master+ and +Slave+. +Slave+ is functionally identical to the +Started+ state in a stateless resource agent. Thus, while a regular (stateless) resource agent only needs to implement +start+ and +stop+, a stateful resource agent must also support the +demote+ action to be able to make a transition between the +Master+ and +Started+ (+Slave+) roles. [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_demote() { local rc # exit immediately if configuration is not valid foobar_validate_all || exit $? # test the resource's current state foobar_monitor rc=$? case "$rc" in "$OCF_RUNNING_MASTER") # Running as master. Normal, expected behavior. ocf_log debug "Resource is currently running as Master" ;; "$OCF_SUCCESS") # Alread running as slave. Nothing to do. ocf_log debug "Resource is currently running as Slave" return $OCF_SUCCESS ;; "$OCF_NOT_RUNNING") # Currently not running. Getting a demote action # in this state is unexpected. Exit with an error # and let the cluster manager recover. ocf_log err "Resource is currently not running" exit $OCF_ERR_GENERIC ;; *) # Failed resource. Let the cluster manager recover. ocf_log err "Unexpected error, cannot demote" exit $rc ;; esac # actually demote the resource here (make sure to immediately # exit with an $OCF_ERR_ error code if anything goes seriously # wrong) ocf_run frobnicate --unset-master-mode || exit $OCF_ERR_GENERIC # After the resource has been demoted, check whether the # demotion worked. If the resource demotion is asynchronous, the # agent may spin on the monitor function here -- if the resource # does not assume the Slave role within the defined timeout, the # cluster manager will consider the demote action failed. while true; do foobar_monitor if [ $? -eq $OCF_RUNNING_MASTER ]; then ocf_log debug "Resource still awaiting promotion" sleep 1 else ocf_log debug "Resource demoted" break fi done # only return $OCF_SUCCESS if _everything_ succeeded as expected return $OCF_SUCCESS } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- === +migrate_to+ action The +migrate_to+ action can serve one of two purposes: * Initiate a native _push_ type migration for the resource. In other words, instruct the resource to move _to_ a specific node from the node it is currently running on. The resource agent knows about its destination node via the +$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_migrate_target+ environment variable. * Freeze the resource in a _freeze/thaw_ (also known as _suspend/resume_) type migration. In this mode, the resource does not need any information about its destination node at this point. The example below illustrates a push type migration: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_migrate_to() { # exit immediately if configuration is not valid foobar_validate_all || exit $? # if resource is not running, bail out early if ! foobar_monitor; then ocf_log err "Resource is not running" exit $OCF_ERR_GENERIC fi # actually start up the resource here (make sure to immediately # exit with an $OCF_ERR_ error code if anything goes seriously # wrong) ocf_run frobnicate --migrate \ --dest=$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_migrate_target \ || exit OCF_ERR_GENERIC ... # only return $OCF_SUCCESS if _everything_ succeeded as expected return $OCF_SUCCESS } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- In contrast, a freeze/thaw type migration may implement its freeze operation like this: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_migrate_to() { # exit immediately if configuration is not valid foobar_validate_all || exit $? # if resource is not running, bail out early if ! foobar_monitor; then ocf_log err "Resource is not running" exit $OCF_ERR_GENERIC fi # actually start up the resource here (make sure to immediately # exit with an $OCF_ERR_ error code if anything goes seriously # wrong) ocf_run frobnicate --freeze || exit OCF_ERR_GENERIC ... # only return $OCF_SUCCESS if _everything_ succeeded as expected return $OCF_SUCCESS } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- === +migrate_from+ action The +migrate_from+ action can serve one of two purposes: * Complete a native _push_ type migration for the resource. In other words, check whether the migration has succeeded properly, and the resource is running on the local node. The resource agent knows about its the migration source via the +$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_migrate_source+ environment variable. * Thaw the resource in a _freeze/thaw_ (also known as _suspend/resume_) type migration. In this mode, the resource usually not need any information about its source node at this point. The example below illustrates a push type migration: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_migrate_from() { # exit immediately if configuration is not valid foobar_validate_all || exit $? # After the resource has been migrated, check whether it resumed # correctly. If the resource starts asynchronously, the agent may # spin on the monitor function here -- if the resource does not # run within the defined timeout, the cluster manager will # consider the migrate_from action failed while ! foobar_monitor; do ocf_log debug "Resource has not yet migrated, waiting" sleep 1 done # only return $OCF_SUCCESS if _everything_ succeeded as expected return $OCF_SUCCESS } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- In contrast, a freeze/thaw type migration may implement its thaw operation like this: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_migrate_from() { # exit immediately if configuration is not valid foobar_validate_all || exit $? # actually start up the resource here (make sure to immediately # exit with an $OCF_ERR_ error code if anything goes seriously # wrong) ocf_run frobnicate --thaw || exit OCF_ERR_GENERIC # After the resource has been migrated, check whether it resumed # correctly. If the resource starts asynchronously, the agent may # spin on the monitor function here -- if the resource does not # run within the defined timeout, the cluster manager will # consider the migrate_from action failed while ! foobar_monitor; do ocf_log debug "Resource has not yet migrated, waiting" sleep 1 done # only return $OCF_SUCCESS if _everything_ succeeded as expected return $OCF_SUCCESS } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- === +notify+ action With notifications, instances of clones (and of master/slave resources, which are an extended kind of clones) can inform each other about their state. When notifications are enabled, any action on any instance of a clone carries a +pre+ and +post+ notification. Then, the cluster manager invokes the +notify+ operation on _all_ clone instances. For +notify+ operations, additional environment variables are passed into the resource agent during execution: * +$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_notify_type+ -- the notification type (+pre+ or +post+) * +$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_notify_operation+ -- the operation (action) that the notification is about (+start+, +stop+, +promote+, +demote+ etc.) * +$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_notify_start_uname+ -- node name of the node where the resource is being started (+start+ notifications only) * +$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_notify_stop_uname+ -- node name of the node where the resource is being stopped (+stop+ notifications only) * +$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_notify_master_uname+ -- node name of the node where the resource currently _is in_ the Master role * +$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_notify_promote_uname+ -- node name of the node where the resource currently _is being promoted to_ the Master role (+promote+ notifications only) * +$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_notify_demote_uname+ -- node name of the node where the resource currently _is being demoted to_ the Slave role (+demote+ notifications only) Notifications come in particularly handy for master/slave resources using a "pull" scheme, where the master is a publisher and the slave a subscriber. Since the master is obviously only available as such when a promotion has occurred, the slaves can use a "pre-promote" notification to configure themselves to subscribe to the right publisher. Likewise, the subscribers may want to unsubscribe from the publisher after it has relinquished its master status, and a "post-demote" notification can be used for that purpose. Consider the example below to illustrate the concept. [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_notify() { local type_op type_op="${OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_notify_type}-${OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_notify_operation}" ocf_log debug "Received $type_op notification." case "$type_op" in 'pre-promote') ocf_run frobnicate --slave-mode \ --master=$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_notify_promote_uname \ || exit $OCF_ERR_GENERIC ;; 'post-demote') ocf_run frobnicate --unset-slave-mode || exit $OCF_ERR_GENERIC ;; esac return $OCF_SUCCESS } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: A master/slave resource agent may support a _multi-master_ configuration, where there is possibly more than one master at any given time. If that is the case, then the +$OCF_RESKEY_CRM_meta_notify_*_uname+ variables may each contain a space-separated lists of hostnames, rather than a single host name as shown in the example. Under those circumstances the resource agent would have to properly iterate over this list. == Script variables This section outlines variables typically available to resource agents, primarily for convenience purposes. For additional variables available while the agent is being executed, refer to <<_environment_variables>> and <<_return_codes>>. === +$OCF_ROOT+ The root of the OCF resource agent hierarchy. This should never be changed by a resource agent. This is usually +/usr/lib/ocf+. === +$OCF_FUNCTIONS_DIR+ The directory where the resource agents shell function library, +.ocf-shellfuncs+, resides. This is usually defined in terms of +$OCF_ROOT+ and should never be changed by a resource agent. This variable may, however, be overridden from the command line while testing a new or modified resource agent. === +$OCF_RESOURCE_INSTANCE+ The resource instance name. For primitive (non-clone, non-stateful) resources, this is simply the resource name. For clones and stateful resources, this is the primitive name, followed by a colon an the clone instance number (such as +p_foobar:0+). === +$__OCF_ACTION+ The currently invoked action. This is exactly the first command-line argument that the cluster manager specifies when it invokes the resource agent. === +$__SCRIPT_NAME+ The name of the resource agent. This is exactly the base name of the resource agent script, with leading directory names removed. === +$HA_RSCTMP+ A temporary directory for use by resource agents. The system startup sequence (on any LSB compliant Linux distribution) guarantees that this directory is emptied on system startup, so this directory will not contain any stale data after a node reboot. == Convenience functions === Logging: +ocf_log+ Resource agents should use the +ocf_log+ function for logging purposes. This convenient logging wrapper is invoked as follows: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ocf_log "Log message" -------------------------------------------------------------------------- It supports following the following severity levels: * +debug+ -- for debugging messages. Most logging configurations suppress this level by default. * +info+ -- for informational messages about the agent's behavior or status. * +warn+ -- for warnings. This is for any messages which reflect unexpected behavior that does _not_ constitute an unrecoverable error. * +err+ -- for errors. As a general rule, this logging level should only be used immediately prior to an +exit+ with the appropriate error code. * +crit+ -- for critical errors. As with +err+, this logging level should not be used unless the resource agent also exits with an error code. Very rarely used. === Testing for binaries: +have_binary+ and +check_binary+ A resource agent may need to test for the availability of a specific executable. The +have_binary+ convenience function comes in handy here: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- if ! have_binary frobnicate; then ocf_log warn "Missing frobnicate binary, frobnication disabled!" fi -------------------------------------------------------------------------- If a missing binary is a fatal problem for the resource, then the +check_binary+ function should be used: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- check_binary frobnicate -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Using +check_binary+ is a shorthand method for testing for the existence (and executability) of the specified binary, and exiting with +$OCF_ERR_INSTALLED+ if it cannot be found or executed. NOTE: Both +have_binary+ and +check_binary+ honor +$PATH+ when the binary to test for is not specified as a full path. It is usually wise to _not_ test for a full path, as binary installations path may vary by distribution or user policy. === Executing commands and capturing their output: +ocf_run+ Whenever a resource agent needs to execute a command and capture its output, it should use the +ocf_run+ convenience function, invoked as in this example: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ocf_run "frobnicate --spam=eggs" || exit $OCF_ERR_GENERIC -------------------------------------------------------------------------- With the command specified above, the resource agent will invoke +frobnicate --spam=eggs+ and capture its output and exit code. If the exit code is nonzero (indicating an error), +ocf_run+ logs the command output with the +err+ logging severity, and the resource agent subsequently exits. If the resource agent wishes to capture the output of _both_ a successful and a failed command execution, it can use the +-v+ flag with +ocf_run+. In the example below, +ocf_run+ will log any output from the command with the +info+ severity if the command exit code is zero (indicating success), and with +err+ if it is nonzero. [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ocf_run -v "frobnicate --spam=eggs" || exit $OCF_ERR_GENERIC -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Finally, if the resource agent wants to log the output of a command with a nonzero exit code with a severity _other_ than error, it may do so by adding the +-info+ or +-warn+ option to +ocf_run+: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ocf_run -warn "frobnicate --spam=eggs" -------------------------------------------------------------------------- === Locks: +ocf_take_lock+ and +ocf_release_lock_on_exit+ Occasionally, there may be different resources of the same type in a cluster configuration that should not execute actions in parallel. When a resource agent needs to guard against parallel execution on the same machine, it can use the +ocf_take_lock+ and +ocf_release_lock_on_exit+ convenience functions: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LOCKFILE=${HA_RSCTMP}/foobar ocf_release_lock_on_exit $LOCKFILE foobar_start() { ... ocf_take_lock $LOCKFILE ... } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +ocf_take_lock+ attempts to acquire the designated +$LOCKFILE+. When it is unavailable, it sleeps a random amount of time between 0 and 1 seconds, and retries. +ocf_release_lock_on_exit+ releases the lock file when the agent exits (for any reason). === Testing for numerical values: +ocf_is_decimal+ Specifically for parameter validation, it can be helpful to test whether a given value is numeric. The +ocf_is_decimal+ function exists for that purpose: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_validate_all() { if ! ocf_is_decimal $OCF_RESKEY_eggs; then ocf_log err "eggs is not numeric!" exit $OCF_ERR_CONFIGURED fi ... } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- === Testing for boolean values: +ocf_is_true+ When a resource agent defines a boolean parameter, the value for this parameter may be specified by the user as +0+/+1+, +true+/+false+, or +on+/+off+. Since it is tedious to test for all these values from within the resource agent, the agent should instead use the +ocf_is_true+ convenience function: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- if ocf_is_true $OCF_RESKEY_superfrobnicate; then ocf_run "frobnicate --super" fi -------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: If +ocf_is_true+ is used against an empty or non-existant variable, it always returns an exit code of +1+, which is equivalent to +false+. === Pseudo resources: +ha_pseudo_resource+ "Pseudo resources" are those where the resource agent in fact does not actually start or stop something akin to a runnable process, but merely executes a single action and then needs some form of tracing whether that action has been executed or not. The +portblock+ resource agent is an example of this. Resource agents for pseudo resources can use a convenience function, +ha_pseudo_resource+, which makes use of _tracking files_ to keep tabs on the status of a resource. If +foobar+ was designed to manage a pseudo resource, then its +start+ action could look like this: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_start() { # exit immediately if configuration is not valid foobar_validate_all || exit $? # if resource is already running, bail out early if foobar_monitor; then ocf_log info "Resource is already running" return $OCF_SUCCESS fi # start the pseudo resource ha_pseudo_resource ${OCF_RESOURCE_INSTANCE} start # After the resource has been started, check whether it started up # correctly. If the resource starts asynchronously, the agent may # spin on the monitor function here -- if the resource does not # start up within the defined timeout, the cluster manager will # consider the start action failed while ! foobar_monitor; do ocf_log debug "Resource has not started yet, waiting" sleep 1 done # only return $OCF_SUCCESS if _everything_ succeeded as expected return $OCF_SUCCESS } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- == Conventions This section contains a collection of conventions that have emerged in the resource agent repositories over the years. Following these conventions is by no means mandatory for resource agent authors, but it is a good idea based on the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_least_surprise[Principle of Least Surprise] -- resource agents following these conventions will be easier to understand, review, and use than those that do not. === Well-known parameter names Several parameter names are supported by a number of resource agents. For new resource agents, following these examples is generally a good idea: * +binary+ -- the name of a binary that principally manages the resource, such as a server daemon * +config+ -- the full path to a configuration file * +pid+ -- the full path to a file holding a process ID (PID) * +log+ -- the full path to a log file * +socket+ -- the full path to a UNIX socket that the resource manages * +ip+ -- an IP address that a daemon binds to * +port+ -- a TCP or UDP port that a daemon binds to Needless to say, resource agents should only implement any of these parameters if they are sensible to use in the agent's context. === Parameter defaults Defaults for resource agent parameters should be set by initializing variables with the suffix +_default+: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Defaults OCF_RESKEY_superfrobnicate_default=0 : ${OCF_RESKEY_superfrobnicate=${OCF_RESKEY_superfrobnicate_default}} -------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: The resource agent should make sure that it sets a default for any parameter not marked as +required+ in the metadata. === Honoring +PATH+ for binaries When a resource agent supports a parameter designed to hold the name of a binary (such as a daemon, or a client utility for querying status), then that parameter should honor the +PATH+ environment variable. Do not supply full paths. Thus, the following approach: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Good example -- do it this way OCF_RESKEY_frobnicate_default="frobnicate" : ${OCF_RESKEY_frobnicate="${OCF_RESKEY_frobnicate_default}"} -------------------------------------------------------------------------- is much preferred over specifying a full path, as shown here: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Bad example -- avoid if you can OCF_RESKEY_frobnicate_default="/usr/local/sbin/frobnicate" : ${OCF_RESKEY_frobnicate="${OCF_RESKEY_frobnicate_default}"} -------------------------------------------------------------------------- This rule holds for defaults, as well. == Special considerations === Licensing Whenever possible, resource agent contributors are _encouraged_ to use the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2 and later, for any new resource agents. The shell functions library does not strictly mandate this, however, as it is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 and later (so it can be used by non-GPL agents). The resource agent _must_ explicitly state its own license in the agent source code. === Locale settings When sourcing +.ocf-shellfuncs+ as explained in <<_initialization>>, any resource agent automatically sets +LANG+ and +LC_ALL+ to the +C+ locale. Resource agents can thus expect to always operate in the +C+ locale, and need not reset +LANG+ or any of the +LC_+ environment variables themselves. === Testing for running processes For testing whether a particular process (with a known process ID) is currently running, a frequently found method is to send it a +0+ signal and catch errors, similar to this example: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- if kill -s 0 `cat $daemon_pid_file`; then ocf_log debug "Process is currently running" else ocf_log warn "Process is dead, removing pid file" rm -f $daemon_pid_file if -------------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPORTANT: An approach far superior to this example is to instead test the _functionality_ of the daemon by connecting to it with a client process, as shown in the example in <<_literal_monitor_literal_action>>. === Specifying a master preference Stateful (master/slave) resources must set their own _master preference_ -- they can thus provide hints to the cluster manager which is the the best instance to promote to the +Master+ role. IMPORTANT: It is acceptable for multiple instances to have identical positive master preferences. In that case, the cluster resource manager will automatically select a resource agent to promote. However, if _all_ instances have the (default) master score of zero, the cluster manager will not promote any instance at all. Thus, it is crucial that at least one instance has a positive master score. For this purpose, +crm_master+ comes in handy. This convenience wrapper around the +crm_attribute+ sets a node attribute named +master-<<_literal_ocf_resource_instance_literal,$OCF_RESOURCE_INSTANCE>>+ for the node it is being executed on, and fills this attribute with the specified value. The cluster manager is then expected to translate this into a promotion score for the corresponding instance, and base its promotion preference on that score. Stateful resource agents typically execute +crm_master+ during the <<_literal_monitor_literal_action,+monitor+>> and/or <<_literal_notify_literal_action,+notify+>> action. The following example assumes that the +foobar+ resource agent can test the application's status by executing a binary that returns certain exit codes based on whether * the resource is either in the master role, or is a slave that is fully caught up with the master (at any rate, it has current data), or * the resource is in the slave role, but through some form of asynchronous replication has "fallen behind" the master, or * the resource has gracefully stopped, or * the resource has unexpectedly failed. [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- foobar_monitor() { local rc # exit immediately if configuration is not valid foobar_validate_all || exit $? ocf_run frobnicate --test # This example assumes the following exit code convention # for frobnicate: # 0: running, and fully caught up with master # 1: gracefully stopped # 2: running, but lagging behind master # any other: error case "$?" in 0) rc=$OCF_SUCCESS ocf_log debug "Resource is running" # Set a high master preference. The current master # will always get this, plus 1. Any current slaves # will get a high preference so that if the master # fails, they are next in line to take over. crm_master -l reboot -v 100 ;; 1) rc=$OCF_NOT_RUNNING ocf_log debug "Resource is not running" # Remove the master preference for this node crm_master -l reboot -D ;; 2) rc=$OCF_SUCCESS ocf_log debug "Resource is lagging behind master" # Set a low master preference: if the master fails # right now, and there is another slave that does # not lag behind the master, its higher master # preference will win and that slave will become # the new master crm_master -l reboot -v 5 ;; *) ocf_log err "Resource has failed" exit $OCF_ERR_GENERIC esac return $rc } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- == Testing resource agents This section discusses automated testing for resource agents. Testing is a vital aspect of development; it is crucial both for creating new resource agents, and for modifying existing ones. === Testing with +ocf-tester+ The resource agents repository (and hence, any installed resource agents package) contains a utility named +ocf-tester+. This shell script allows you to conveniently and easily test the functionality of your resource agent. +ocf-tester+ is commonly invoked, as +root+, like this: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ocf-tester -n [-o = ... ] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- * ++ is an arbitrary resource name. * You may set any number of +=+ with the +-o+ option, corresponding to any resource parameters you wish to set for testing. * ++ is the full path to your resource agent. When invoked, +ocf-tester+ executes all mandatory actions and enforces action behavior as explained in <<_resource_agent_actions>>. It also tests for optional actions. Optional actions must behave as expected when advertised, but do not cause +ocf-tester+ to flag an error if not implemented. IMPORTANT: +ocf-tester+ does not initiate "dry runs" of actions, nor does it create resource dummies of any kind. Instead, it exercises the actual resource agent as-is, whether that may include opening and closing databases, mounting file systems, starting or stopping virtual machines, etc. Use with care. For example, you could run +ocf-tester+ on the +foobar+ resource agent as follows: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # ocf-tester -n foobartest \ -o superfrobnicate=true \ -o datadir=/tmp \ /home/johndoe/ra-dev/foobar Beginning tests for /home/johndoe/ra-dev/foobar... * Your agent does not support the notify action (optional) * Your agent does not support the reload action (optional) /home/johndoe/ra-dev/foobar passed all tests -------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +=== Testing with +ocft+ + ++octf+ is a testing tool for resource agents. Instead of the policy of +HA, it mainly concerns whether resource agents run correct locally. It +can design types of complicated environments to test the reliability +of resource agents. Precisely, it is to display whether resource +agents can return to correct or expected value. The advantage of the +tool provides us with competence to design conditions which can be +recorded or reproduced. Hence it is useful to debuggers. + +==== +ocft+ components + ++ocft+ consists of the following components: + +* A test case generator (+/usr/sbin/ocft+) -- Turning configuration + files of test case to executable scripts. + +* Configuration files (+/usr/share/resource-agents/ocft/configs/+) -- + every configuration file directs only one resource agent and share + the same name with resource agent but contains more test cases. + +* The testing scripts (+/var/lib/resource-agents/ocft/cases/+) -- + after the generator reads configuration files and generates many + testing scripts and the script is underway, the test begins. + +==== Customizing the testing environment + ++ocft+ designs the running conditions through two ways, one is +changing the environment variables of resource agents (it is the +interface left by OCF itself), the other is modifying the OS +environment of resource agents, such as altering the permission of +some key file or IP address of the machine. + +==== How to test + +Firstly, you need to sketch the all complex and uncommon environments +against a certain resource agent and keep in mind what consequences +may be caused by these uncommon environments. + +Secondly, write the designed conditions and foreknown consequences +into configuration files, and then run the generator to translate the +test case to executable scripts. + +Finally, you need running these scripts to observe the output and +learn the running status of each test case, which will compares the +predicated result with the actual one. If they differ, you will be +able to find the bugs of the resource agent. + +==== +ocft+ configuration file syntax + +There are only 4 top level options that are all spelled by capital +letters and "-". Every top level option contains sub-options that +they are initials. + +===== +CONFIG+ (top level option) + +This option is global and influences every test case. + + ** +AgentRoot+ (sub-option) +--------------------------------------- +AgentRoot /usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/xxx +--------------------------------------- + +A few agents will go to "linbit" or "pacemaker" directory, if you +define this option, ocft will use it to replace the default directory +"heartbeat". + + ** +InstallPackage+ (sub-option) +--------------------------------------- +InstallPackage package [package2 [...]] +--------------------------------------- + +It will test whether the system have installed the service of the +resource agent. If not, it will download from Internet and have it +installed automatically. + + ** 'HangTimeout' (sub-option) +--------------------------------------- +HangTimeout secs +--------------------------------------- + +If you alter some key options, some resource agents will get puzzled +and stop, which will influence the running of the following test case. +Hence timeout setting is needed, if the resource agent stops timeout, +the scripts will kill this resource agent. + +===== +SETUP-AGENT+ (top level option) +--------------------------------------- +SETUP-AGENT + bash scripts... + ... +--------------------------------------- + +Some of Agents may need to be initialized before testing, you can do +it here with bash script. The initialization will only be executed +once, if you want to reinitialize it, you can manually delete the flag +file at /tmp/.[AGENT_NAME]_set. + +===== +CASE+ & +CASE-BLOCK+ (top level options) +--------------------------------------- +CASE "description" +--------------------------------------- +--------------------------------------- +CASE-BLOCK macro_name +--------------------------------------- + +Usually, the conditions you designed are more than one and a few 'CASE +"..."' will appear in configuration file. It is worth noting that the +following sub-options have 2 spellings: + +One is general, where shell affects the local environment; the other +is special, where each options added "@ipaddr". It can remotely +execute shell codes. In other words, it is to execute the shell codes +from a remote host, which is meaningful when a resource agent needs 2 +hosts. This remote shell is not a remote execution only through "ssh", +but running a remote shell in the background while the test case is +running. The remote shell runs in the background till the end and +saves the results during the process. That is to say, you can +alternatively carry out local and remote shell code segments. The +"CASE-BLOCK" option is a macro definer, the statements in "CASE-BLOCK" +will be inserted into "CASE" if you "Include" the "macro_name". + + ** +Var+ (sub-option) +--------------------------------------- +Var VARIABLE=value +--------------------------------------- + +It is to set up an environment variable of the resource agent. They +usually appear to be OCF_RESKEY_xxx. One point is to be noted is there +is no blank by both sides of "=". + + ** +Unvar+ (sub-option) +--------------------------------------- +Unvar VARIABLE [VARIABLE2 [...]] +--------------------------------------- + +Remove the environment variable. + + ** +Include+ (sub-option) +--------------------------------------- +Include macro_name +--------------------------------------- + +It will be replaced by statements in 'macro_name', of course, you +should define the content of 'macro_name' with 'CASE-BLOCK' first. + +** +Bash+ (sub-option) +--------------------------------------- +Bash bash_codes +--------------------------------------- + +This option is to set up the environment of OS, where you can insert +BASH code to customize the system randomly. Note, do not cause +unrecoverable consequences to the system. + +** +BashAtExit+ (sub-option) +--------------------------------------- +BashAtExit bash_codes +--------------------------------------- + +This option is to recover the OS environment in order to run another +test case correctly. Of cause you can use 'Bash' option to recover +it. However, if mistakes occur in the process, the script will quit +directly instead of running your recovery codes. If it happens, you +ought to use BashAtExit which can restore the system environment +before you quit. + +** +RunAgent+ (sub-option) +--------------------------------------- +RunAgent cmd [ret_value] +--------------------------------------- + +This option is to run resource agent. "cmd" is the parameter of the +resource agent, such as "start, status, stop ...". The second +parameter is optional. It will compare the actual returned value with +the expected value when the script has run recourse agent. If +differs, bugs will be found. + + + == Installing and packaging resource agents This section discusses what to do with your resource agent once it is done and tested -- where to install it, and how to include it in either your own application package or in the Linux-HA resource agents repository. === Installing resource agents If you choose to include your resource agent in your own project, make sure it installs into the correct location. Resource agents should install into the +/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/+ directory, where ++ is the name of your project or any other name you wish to identify the resource agent with. For example, if your +foobar+ resource agent is being packaged as part of a project named +fortytwo+, then the correct full path to your resource agent would be +/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/fortytwo/foobar+. Make sure your resource agent installs with +0755+ (+-rwxr-xr-x+) permission bits. When installed this way, OCF-compliant cluster resource managers will be able to properly identify, parse, and execute your resource agent. The Pacemaker cluster manager, for example, would map the above-mentioned installation path to the +ocf:fortytwo:foobar+ resource type identifier. === Packaging resource agents When you package resource agents as part of your own project, you should apply the considerations outlined in this section. NOTE: If you instead prefer to submit your resource agent to the Linux-HA resource agents repository, see <<_submitting_resource_agents>> for information on doing so. ==== RPM packaging It is recommended to put your OCF resource agent(s) in an RPM sub-package, with the name +-resource-agents+. Ensure that the package owns its provider directory, and depends on the upstream +resource-agents+ package which lays out the directory hierarchy and provides convenience shell functions. An example RPM spec snippet is given below: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- %package resource-agents Summary: OCF resource agent for Foobar Group: System Environment/Base Requires: %{name} = %{version}-%{release}, resource-agents %description resource-agents This package contains the OCF-compliant resource agents for Foobar. %files resource-agents %defattr(755,root,root,-) %dir %{_prefix}/lib/ocf/resource.d/fortytwo %{_prefix}/lib/ocf/resource.d/fortytwo/foobar -------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: If an RPM spec file contains a +%package+ declaration, then RPM considers this a sub-package which inherits top-level fields such as +Name+, +Version+, +License+, etc. Sub-packages have the top-level package name automatically prepended to their own name. Thus the snippet above would create a sub-package named +foobar-resource-agents+ (presuming the package +Name+ is +foobar+). ==== Debian packaging For Debian packages, like for <<_rpm_packaging,RPMs>>, it is recommended to create a separate package holding your resource agents, which then should depend on the +cluster-agents+ package. NOTE: This section assumes that you are packaging with +debhelper+. An example +debian/control+ snippet is given below: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Package: foobar-cluster-agents Priority: extra Architecture: all Depends: cluster-agents Description: OCF-compliant resource agents for Foobar -------------------------------------------------------------------------- You will also create a separate +.install+ file. Sticking with the example of installing the +foobar+ resource agent as a sub-package of +fortytwo+, the +debian/fortytwo-cluster-agents.install+ file could consist of the following content: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/fortytwo/foobar -------------------------------------------------------------------------- === Submitting resource agents If you choose not to bundle your resource agent with your own package, but instead wish to submit it to the upstream resource agent repository hosted on http://hg.linux-ha.org/agents[the Linux-HA Mercurial server], please follow the steps outlined in this section. Create a working copy (a Mercurial _clone_) of the upstream repository with the following command: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- hg clone http://hg.linux-ha.org/agents resource-agents -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Create a new Mercurial queue, and a new patchset: ------------------------------------------------------------------------- cd resource-agents hg qinit hg qnew --edit foobar-ra -------------------------------------------------------------------------- In your patch message, be sure to include a meaningful description, for example: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- High: foobar: new resource agent This new resource agent adds functionality to manage a foobar service. It supports being configured as a primitive or as a master/slave set, and also optionally supports superfrobnication. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Then, copy your resource agent into the +heartbeat+ subdirectory: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- cd heartbeat cp /path/to/your/local/copy/of/foobar . chmod 0755 foobar hg add foobar cd .. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Next, modify the +Makefile.am+ file in +resource-agents/heartbeat+ and add your new resource agent to the +ocf_SCRIPTS+ list. This will make sure the agent is properly installed. Lastly, open Makefile.am in +resource-agents/doc+ and add +ocf_heartbeat_.7+ to the +man_MANS+ variable. This will automatically generate a resource agent manual page from its metadata, and then install that man page into the correct location. Once all that is done, you can update your patch set: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- hg qrefresh -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Now the patch set is good for review on the mailing list: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- hg email --to=linux-ha-dev@lists.linux-ha.org foobar-ra -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Once your new resource agent has been accepted for merging, one of the upstream developers will push your patch into the upstream repository. At that point, you can update your checkout from upstream, and remove your own patch set. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- hg qpop -a hg pull --update hg qdelete foobar-ra --------------------------------------------------------------------------