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	diff --git a/lib/services/systemd.c b/lib/services/systemd.c
	index 95d00b4515..adc2616bd8 100644
	--- a/lib/services/systemd.c
	+++ b/lib/services/systemd.c
	@@ -1,1005 +1,1008 @@
	/*
	* Copyright 2012-2021 the Pacemaker project contributors
	*
	* The version control history for this file may have further details.
	*
	* This source code is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License
	* version 2.1 or later (LGPLv2.1+) WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
	*/

	#include <crm_internal.h>
	#include <crm/crm.h>
	#include <crm/services.h>
	#include <crm/common/mainloop.h>

	#include <sys/stat.h>
	#include <gio/gio.h>
	#include <services_private.h>
	#include <systemd.h>
	#include <dbus/dbus.h>
	#include <pcmk-dbus.h>

	static void invoke_unit_by_path(svc_action_t op, const char unit);

	#define BUS_NAME "org.freedesktop.systemd1"
	#define BUS_NAME_MANAGER BUS_NAME ".Manager"
	#define BUS_NAME_UNIT BUS_NAME ".Unit"
	#define BUS_PATH "/org/freedesktop/systemd1"

	static inline DBusMessage *
	systemd_new_method(const char *method)
	{
	crm_trace("Calling: %s on " BUS_NAME_MANAGER, method);
	return dbus_message_new_method_call(BUS_NAME, BUS_PATH, BUS_NAME_MANAGER,
	method);
	}

	/*
	* Functions to manage a static DBus connection
	*/

	static DBusConnection* systemd_proxy = NULL;

	static inline DBusPendingCall *
	systemd_send(DBusMessage *msg,
	void(done)(DBusPendingCall pending, void *user_data),
	void *user_data, int timeout)
	{
	return pcmk_dbus_send(msg, systemd_proxy, done, user_data, timeout);
	}

	static inline DBusMessage *
	systemd_send_recv(DBusMessage msg, DBusError error, int timeout)
	{
	return pcmk_dbus_send_recv(msg, systemd_proxy, error, timeout);
	}

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Send a method to systemd without arguments, and wait for reply
	*
	* \param[in] method Method to send
	*
	* \return Systemd reply on success, NULL (and error will be logged) otherwise
	*
	* \note The caller must call dbus_message_unref() on the reply after
	* handling it.
	*/
	static DBusMessage *
	systemd_call_simple_method(const char *method)
	{
	DBusMessage *msg = systemd_new_method(method);
	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
	DBusError error;

	/* Don't call systemd_init() here, because that calls this */
	CRM_CHECK(systemd_proxy, return NULL);

	if (msg == NULL) {
	crm_err("Could not create message to send %s to systemd", method);
	return NULL;
	}

	dbus_error_init(&error);
	reply = systemd_send_recv(msg, &error, DBUS_TIMEOUT_USE_DEFAULT);
	dbus_message_unref(msg);

	if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
	crm_err("Could not send %s to systemd: %s (%s)",
	method, error.message, error.name);
	dbus_error_free(&error);
	return NULL;

	} else if (reply == NULL) {
	crm_err("Could not send %s to systemd: no reply received", method);
	return NULL;
	}

	return reply;
	}

	static gboolean
	systemd_init(void)
	{
	static int need_init = 1;
	// https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/api/html/group__DBusConnection.html

	if (systemd_proxy
	&& dbus_connection_get_is_connected(systemd_proxy) == FALSE) {
	crm_warn("Connection to System DBus is closed. Reconnecting...");
	pcmk_dbus_disconnect(systemd_proxy);
	systemd_proxy = NULL;
	need_init = 1;
	}

	if (need_init) {
	need_init = 0;
	systemd_proxy = pcmk_dbus_connect();
	}
	if (systemd_proxy == NULL) {
	return FALSE;
	}
	return TRUE;
	}

	static inline char *
	systemd_get_property(const char unit, const char name,
	void (callback)(const char name, const char value, void userdata),
	void userdata, DBusPendingCall *pending, int timeout)
	{
	return systemd_proxy?
	pcmk_dbus_get_property(systemd_proxy, BUS_NAME, unit, BUS_NAME_UNIT,
	name, callback, userdata, pending, timeout)
	: NULL;
	}

	void
	systemd_cleanup(void)
	{
	if (systemd_proxy) {
	pcmk_dbus_disconnect(systemd_proxy);
	systemd_proxy = NULL;
	}
	}

	/*
	* end of systemd_proxy functions
	*/

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Check whether a file name represents a manageable systemd unit
	*
	* \param[in] name File name to check
	*
	* \return Pointer to "dot" before filename extension if so, NULL otherwise
	*/
	static const char *
	systemd_unit_extension(const char *name)
	{
	if (name) {
	const char *dot = strrchr(name, '.');

	if (dot && (!strcmp(dot, ".service")
	\|\| !strcmp(dot, ".socket")
	\|\| !strcmp(dot, ".mount")
	\|\| !strcmp(dot, ".timer")
	\|\| !strcmp(dot, ".path"))) {
	return dot;
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static char *
	systemd_service_name(const char *name)
	{
	if (name == NULL) {
	return NULL;
	}

	if (systemd_unit_extension(name)) {
	return strdup(name);
	}

	return crm_strdup_printf("%s.service", name);
	}

	static void
	systemd_daemon_reload_complete(DBusPendingCall pending, void user_data)
	{
	DBusError error;
	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
	unsigned int reload_count = GPOINTER_TO_UINT(user_data);

	dbus_error_init(&error);
	if(pending) {
	reply = dbus_pending_call_steal_reply(pending);
	}

	if (pcmk_dbus_find_error(pending, reply, &error)) {
	crm_err("Could not issue systemd reload %d: %s", reload_count, error.message);
	dbus_error_free(&error);

	} else {
	crm_trace("Reload %d complete", reload_count);
	}

	if(pending) {
	dbus_pending_call_unref(pending);
	}
	if(reply) {
	dbus_message_unref(reply);
	}
	}

	static bool
	systemd_daemon_reload(int timeout)
	{
	static unsigned int reload_count = 0;
	DBusMessage *msg = systemd_new_method("Reload");

	reload_count++;
	CRM_ASSERT(msg != NULL);
	systemd_send(msg, systemd_daemon_reload_complete,
	GUINT_TO_POINTER(reload_count), timeout);
	dbus_message_unref(msg);

	return TRUE;
	}

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Set an action result based on a method error
	*
	* \param[in] op Action to set result for
	* \param[in] error Method error
	*/
	static void
	set_result_from_method_error(svc_action_t op, const DBusError error)
	{
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;

	if (strstr(error->name, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.InvalidName")
	\|\| strstr(error->name, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.LoadFailed")
	\|\| strstr(error->name, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.NoSuchUnit")) {

	if (pcmk__str_eq(op->action, "stop", pcmk__str_casei)) {
	crm_trace("Masking systemd stop failure (%s) for %s "
	"because unknown service can be considered stopped",
	error->name, crm_str(op->rsc));
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_OK;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_DONE;
	return;
	}

	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_NOT_INSTALLED;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_NOT_INSTALLED;
	}

	crm_err("DBus request for %s of systemd unit %s for resource %s failed: %s",
	op->action, op->agent, crm_str(op->rsc), error->message);
	}

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Extract unit path from LoadUnit reply, and execute action
	*
	* \param[in] reply LoadUnit reply
	* \param[in] op Action to execute (or NULL to just return path)
	*
	* \return DBus object path for specified unit if successful (only valid for
	* lifetime of \p reply), otherwise NULL
	*/
	static const char *
	execute_after_loadunit(DBusMessage reply, svc_action_t op)
	{
	const char *path = NULL;
	DBusError error;

	/* path here is not used other than as a non-NULL flag to indicate that a
	* request was indeed sent
	*/
	if (pcmk_dbus_find_error((void *) &path, reply, &error)) {
	if (op != NULL) {
	set_result_from_method_error(op, &error);
	}
	dbus_error_free(&error);

	} else if (!pcmk_dbus_type_check(reply, NULL, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
	__func__, __LINE__)) {
	if (op != NULL) {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;
	+ crm_err("Could not load systemd unit %s for %s: "
	+ "DBus reply has unexpected type", op->agent, op->id);
	+ } else {
	+ crm_err("Could not load systemd unit: "
	+ "DBus reply has unexpected type");
	}
	- crm_err("Could not load systemd unit %s for %s: "
	- "systemd reply has unexpected type", op->agent, op->id);

	} else {
	dbus_message_get_args (reply, NULL,
	DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
	DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
	}

	if (op != NULL) {
	if (path != NULL) {
	invoke_unit_by_path(op, path);

	} else if (!(op->synchronous)) {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;
	services__finalize_async_op(op);
	}
	}

	return path;
	}

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Execute a systemd action after its LoadUnit completes
	*
	* \param[in] pending If not NULL, DBus call associated with LoadUnit request
	* \param[in] user_data Action to execute
	*/
	static void
	loadunit_completed(DBusPendingCall pending, void user_data)
	{
	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
	svc_action_t *op = user_data;

	crm_trace("LoadUnit result for %s arrived", op->id);

	// Grab the reply
	if (pending != NULL) {
	reply = dbus_pending_call_steal_reply(pending);
	}

	// The call is no longer pending
	CRM_LOG_ASSERT(pending == op->opaque->pending);
	services_set_op_pending(op, NULL);

	// Execute the desired action based on the reply
	execute_after_loadunit(reply, user_data);
	if (reply != NULL) {
	dbus_message_unref(reply);
	}
	}

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Execute a systemd action, given the unit name
	*
	* \param[in] arg_name Unit name (possibly shortened, i.e. without ".service")
	* \param[in] op Action to execute (if NULL, just get the object path)
	* \param[out] path If non-NULL and \p op is NULL or synchronous, where to
	* store DBus object path for specified unit
	*
	* \return Standard Pacemaker return code (for NULL \p op, pcmk_rc_ok means unit
	* was found; for synchronous actions, pcmk_rc_ok means unit was
	* executed, with the actual result stored in \p op; for asynchronous
	* actions, pcmk_rc_ok means action was initiated)
	* \note It is the caller's responsibility to free the return value if non-NULL.
	*/
	static int
	invoke_unit_by_name(const char arg_name, svc_action_t op, char **path)
	{
	DBusMessage *msg;
	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
	DBusPendingCall *pending = NULL;
	char *name = NULL;

	if (!systemd_init()) {
	if (op != NULL) {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;
	}
	return ENOTCONN;
	}

	/* Create a LoadUnit DBus method (equivalent to GetUnit if already loaded),
	* which makes the unit usable via further DBus methods.
	*
	* <method name="LoadUnit">
	* <arg name="name" type="s" direction="in"/>
	* <arg name="unit" type="o" direction="out"/>
	* </method>
	*/
	msg = systemd_new_method("LoadUnit");
	CRM_ASSERT(msg != NULL);

	// Add the (expanded) unit name as the argument
	name = systemd_service_name(arg_name);
	CRM_LOG_ASSERT(dbus_message_append_args(msg, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
	DBUS_TYPE_INVALID));
	free(name);

	if ((op == NULL) \|\| op->synchronous) {
	// For synchronous ops, wait for a reply and extract the result
	const char *unit = NULL;
	int rc = pcmk_rc_ok;

	reply = systemd_send_recv(msg, NULL,
	(op? op->timeout : DBUS_TIMEOUT_USE_DEFAULT));
	dbus_message_unref(msg);

	unit = execute_after_loadunit(reply, op);
	if (unit == NULL) {
	rc = ENOENT;
	if (path != NULL) {
	*path = NULL;
	}
	} else if (path != NULL) {
	*path = strdup(unit);
	if (*path == NULL) {
	rc = ENOMEM;
	}
	}

	if (reply != NULL) {
	dbus_message_unref(reply);
	}
	return rc;
	}

	// For asynchronous ops, initiate the LoadUnit call and return
	pending = systemd_send(msg, loadunit_completed, op, op->timeout);
	if (pending == NULL) {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;
	dbus_message_unref(msg);
	return ECOMM;
	}

	// LoadUnit was successfully initiated
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_PENDING;
	services_set_op_pending(op, pending);
	dbus_message_unref(msg);
	return pcmk_rc_ok;
	}

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Compare two strings alphabetically (case-insensitive)
	*
	* \param[in] a First string to compare
	* \param[in] b Second string to compare
	*
	* \return 0 if strings are equal, -1 if a < b, 1 if a > b
	*
	* \note Usable as a GCompareFunc with g_list_sort().
	* NULL is considered less than non-NULL.
	*/
	static gint
	sort_str(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
	{
	if (!a && !b) {
	return 0;
	} else if (!a) {
	return -1;
	} else if (!b) {
	return 1;
	}
	return strcasecmp(a, b);
	}

	GList *
	systemd_unit_listall(void)
	{
	int nfiles = 0;
	GList *units = NULL;
	DBusMessageIter args;
	DBusMessageIter unit;
	DBusMessageIter elem;
	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;

	if (systemd_init() == FALSE) {
	return NULL;
	}

	/*
	" <method name=\"ListUnitFiles\">\n" \
	" <arg name=\"files\" type=\"a(ss)\" direction=\"out\"/>\n" \
	" </method>\n" \
	*/

	reply = systemd_call_simple_method("ListUnitFiles");
	if (reply == NULL) {
	return NULL;
	}
	if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &args)) {
	crm_err("Could not list systemd unit files: systemd reply has no arguments");
	dbus_message_unref(reply);
	return NULL;
	}
	if (!pcmk_dbus_type_check(reply, &args, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
	__func__, __LINE__)) {
	crm_err("Could not list systemd unit files: systemd reply has invalid arguments");
	dbus_message_unref(reply);
	return NULL;
	}

	dbus_message_iter_recurse(&args, &unit);
	for (; dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&unit) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID;
	dbus_message_iter_next(&unit)) {

	DBusBasicValue value;
	const char *match = NULL;
	char *unit_name = NULL;
	char *basename = NULL;

	if(!pcmk_dbus_type_check(reply, &unit, DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT, __func__, __LINE__)) {
	crm_warn("Skipping systemd reply argument with unexpected type");
	continue;
	}

	dbus_message_iter_recurse(&unit, &elem);
	if(!pcmk_dbus_type_check(reply, &elem, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, __func__, __LINE__)) {
	crm_warn("Skipping systemd reply argument with no string");
	continue;
	}

	dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&elem, &value);
	if (value.str == NULL) {
	crm_debug("ListUnitFiles reply did not provide a string");
	continue;
	}
	crm_trace("DBus ListUnitFiles listed: %s", value.str);

	match = systemd_unit_extension(value.str);
	if (match == NULL) {
	// This is not a unit file type we know how to manage
	crm_debug("ListUnitFiles entry '%s' is not supported as resource",
	value.str);
	continue;
	}

	// ListUnitFiles returns full path names, we just want base name
	basename = strrchr(value.str, '/');
	if (basename) {
	basename = basename + 1;
	} else {
	basename = value.str;
	}

	if (!strcmp(match, ".service")) {
	// Service is the "default" unit type, so strip it
	unit_name = strndup(basename, match - basename);
	} else {
	unit_name = strdup(basename);
	}

	nfiles++;
	units = g_list_prepend(units, unit_name);
	}

	dbus_message_unref(reply);

	crm_trace("Found %d manageable systemd unit files", nfiles);
	units = g_list_sort(units, sort_str);
	return units;
	}

	gboolean
	systemd_unit_exists(const char *name)
	{
	/* Note: Makes a blocking dbus calls
	* Used by resources_find_service_class() when resource class=service
	*/
	return invoke_unit_by_name(name, NULL, NULL) == pcmk_rc_ok;
	}

	#define METADATA_FORMAT \
	"<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n" \
	"<!DOCTYPE resource-agent SYSTEM \"ra-api-1.dtd\">\n" \
	"<resource-agent name=\"%s\" version=\"" PCMK_DEFAULT_AGENT_VERSION "\">\n" \
	" <version>1.1</version>\n" \
	" <longdesc lang=\"en\">\n" \
	" %s\n" \
	" </longdesc>\n" \
	" <shortdesc lang=\"en\">systemd unit file for %s</shortdesc>\n" \
	" <parameters/>\n" \
	" <actions>\n" \
	" <action name=\"start\" timeout=\"100\" />\n" \
	" <action name=\"stop\" timeout=\"100\" />\n" \
	" <action name=\"status\" timeout=\"100\" />\n" \
	" <action name=\"monitor\" timeout=\"100\" interval=\"60\"/>\n" \
	" <action name=\"meta-data\" timeout=\"5\" />\n" \
	" </actions>\n" \
	" <special tag=\"systemd\"/>\n" \
	"</resource-agent>\n"

	static char *
	systemd_unit_metadata(const char *name, int timeout)
	{
	char *meta = NULL;
	char *desc = NULL;
	char *path = NULL;

	if (invoke_unit_by_name(name, NULL, &path) == pcmk_rc_ok) {
	/* TODO: Worth a making blocking call for? Probably not. Possibly if cached. */
	desc = systemd_get_property(path, "Description", NULL, NULL, NULL,
	timeout);
	} else {
	desc = crm_strdup_printf("Systemd unit file for %s", name);
	}

	meta = crm_strdup_printf(METADATA_FORMAT, name, desc, name);
	free(desc);
	free(path);
	return meta;
	}

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Determine result of method from reply
	*
	* \param[in] reply Reply to start, stop, or restart request
	* \param[in] op Action that was executed
	*/
	static void
	process_unit_method_reply(DBusMessage reply, svc_action_t op)
	{
	DBusError error;

	/* The first use of error here is not used other than as a non-NULL flag to
	* indicate that a request was indeed sent
	*/
	if (pcmk_dbus_find_error((void *) &error, reply, &error)) {
	set_result_from_method_error(op, &error);
	dbus_error_free(&error);

	} else if (!pcmk_dbus_type_check(reply, NULL, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
	__func__, __LINE__)) {
	crm_warn("DBus request for %s of %s succeeded but "
	"return type was unexpected", op->action, crm_str(op->rsc));
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_OK;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_DONE;

	} else {
	const char *path = NULL;

	dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
	DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
	DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
	crm_debug("DBus request for %s of %s using %s succeeded",
	op->action, crm_str(op->rsc), path);
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_OK;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_DONE;
	}
	}

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Process the completion of an asynchronous unit start, stop, or restart
	*
	* \param[in] pending If not NULL, DBus call associated with request
	* \param[in] user_data Action that was executed
	*/
	static void
	unit_method_complete(DBusPendingCall pending, void user_data)
	{
	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
	svc_action_t *op = user_data;

	crm_trace("Result for %s arrived", op->id);

	// Grab the reply
	if (pending != NULL) {
	reply = dbus_pending_call_steal_reply(pending);
	}

	// The call is no longer pending
	CRM_LOG_ASSERT(pending == op->opaque->pending);
	services_set_op_pending(op, NULL);

	// Determine result and finalize action
	process_unit_method_reply(reply, op);
	services__finalize_async_op(op);
	if (reply != NULL) {
	dbus_message_unref(reply);
	}
	}

	#define SYSTEMD_OVERRIDE_ROOT "/run/systemd/system/"

	/* When the cluster manages a systemd resource, we create a unit file override
	* to order the service "before" pacemaker. The "before" relationship won't
	* actually be used, since systemd won't ever start the resource -- we're
	* interested in the reverse shutdown ordering it creates, to ensure that
	* systemd doesn't stop the resource at shutdown while pacemaker is still
	* running.
	*
	* @TODO Add start timeout
	*/
	#define SYSTEMD_OVERRIDE_TEMPLATE \
	"[Unit]\n" \
	"Description=Cluster Controlled %s\n" \
	"Before=pacemaker.service pacemaker_remote.service\n" \
	"\n" \
	"[Service]\n" \
	"Restart=no\n"

	// Temporarily use rwxr-xr-x umask when opening a file for writing
	static FILE *
	create_world_readable(const char *filename)
	{
	mode_t orig_umask = umask(S_IWGRP \| S_IWOTH);
	FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "w");

	umask(orig_umask);
	return fp;
	}

	static void
	create_override_dir(const char *agent)
	{
	char *override_dir = crm_strdup_printf(SYSTEMD_OVERRIDE_ROOT
	"/%s.service.d", agent);
	int rc = pcmk__build_path(override_dir, 0755);

	if (rc != pcmk_rc_ok) {
	crm_warn("Could not create systemd override directory %s: %s",
	override_dir, pcmk_rc_str(rc));
	}
	free(override_dir);
	}

	static char *
	get_override_filename(const char *agent)
	{
	return crm_strdup_printf(SYSTEMD_OVERRIDE_ROOT
	"/%s.service.d/50-pacemaker.conf", agent);
	}

	static void
	systemd_create_override(const char *agent, int timeout)
	{
	FILE *file_strm = NULL;
	char *override_file = get_override_filename(agent);

	create_override_dir(agent);

	/* Ensure the override file is world-readable. This is not strictly
	* necessary, but it avoids a systemd warning in the logs.
	*/
	file_strm = create_world_readable(override_file);
	if (file_strm == NULL) {
	crm_err("Cannot open systemd override file %s for writing",
	override_file);
	} else {
	char *override = crm_strdup_printf(SYSTEMD_OVERRIDE_TEMPLATE, agent);

	int rc = fprintf(file_strm, "%s\n", override);

	free(override);
	if (rc < 0) {
	crm_perror(LOG_WARNING, "Cannot write to systemd override file %s",
	override_file);
	}
	fflush(file_strm);
	fclose(file_strm);
	systemd_daemon_reload(timeout);
	}

	free(override_file);
	}

	static void
	systemd_remove_override(const char *agent, int timeout)
	{
	char *override_file = get_override_filename(agent);
	int rc = unlink(override_file);

	if (rc < 0) {
	// Stop may be called when already stopped, which is fine
	crm_perror(LOG_DEBUG, "Cannot remove systemd override file %s",
	override_file);
	} else {
	systemd_daemon_reload(timeout);
	}
	free(override_file);
	}

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Parse result of systemd status check
	*
	* Set a status action's exit status and execution status based on a DBus
	* property check result, and finalize the action if asynchronous.
	*
	* \param[in] name DBus interface name for property that was checked
	* \param[in] state Property value
	* \param[in] userdata Status action that check was done for
	*/
	static void
	parse_status_result(const char name, const char state, void *userdata)
	{
	svc_action_t *op = userdata;

	crm_trace("Resource %s has %s='%s'",
	crm_str(op->rsc), name, crm_str(state));

	if (pcmk__str_eq(state, "active", pcmk__str_none)) {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_OK;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_DONE;

	} else if (pcmk__str_eq(state, "reloading", pcmk__str_none)) {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_OK;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_DONE;

	} else if (pcmk__str_eq(state, "activating", pcmk__str_none)) {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_PENDING;

	} else if (pcmk__str_eq(state, "deactivating", pcmk__str_none)) {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_PENDING;

	} else {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_NOT_RUNNING;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_DONE;
	}

	if (!(op->synchronous)) {
	services_set_op_pending(op, NULL);
	services__finalize_async_op(op);
	}
	}

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Invoke a systemd unit, given its DBus object path
	*
	* \param[in] op Action to execute
	* \param[in] unit DBus object path of systemd unit to invoke
	*/
	static void
	invoke_unit_by_path(svc_action_t op, const char unit)
	{
	const char *method = NULL;
	DBusMessage *msg = NULL;
	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;

	if (pcmk__str_any_of(op->action, "monitor", "status", NULL)) {
	DBusPendingCall *pending = NULL;
	char *state;

	state = systemd_get_property(unit, "ActiveState",
	(op->synchronous? NULL : parse_status_result),
	op, (op->synchronous? NULL : &pending),
	op->timeout);
	if (op->synchronous) {
	parse_status_result("ActiveState", state, op);
	free(state);

	} else if (pending == NULL) { // Could not get ActiveState property
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;
	services__finalize_async_op(op);

	} else {
	services_set_op_pending(op, pending);
	}
	return;

	} else if (pcmk__str_eq(op->action, "start", pcmk__str_none)) {
	method = "StartUnit";
	systemd_create_override(op->agent, op->timeout);

	} else if (pcmk__str_eq(op->action, "stop", pcmk__str_none)) {
	method = "StopUnit";
	systemd_remove_override(op->agent, op->timeout);

	} else if (pcmk__str_eq(op->action, "restart", pcmk__str_none)) {
	method = "RestartUnit";

	} else {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNIMPLEMENT_FEATURE;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;
	if (!(op->synchronous)) {
	services__finalize_async_op(op);
	}
	return;
	}

	crm_trace("Calling %s for unit path %s named %s",
	method, unit, crm_str(op->rsc));

	msg = systemd_new_method(method);
	CRM_ASSERT(msg != NULL);

	/* (ss) */
	{
	const char *replace_s = "replace";
	char *name = systemd_service_name(op->agent);

	CRM_LOG_ASSERT(dbus_message_append_args(msg, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID));
	CRM_LOG_ASSERT(dbus_message_append_args(msg, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &replace_s, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID));

	free(name);
	}

	if (op->synchronous) {
	reply = systemd_send_recv(msg, NULL, op->timeout);
	dbus_message_unref(msg);
	process_unit_method_reply(reply, op);
	if (reply != NULL) {
	dbus_message_unref(reply);
	}

	} else {
	DBusPendingCall *pending = systemd_send(msg, unit_method_complete, op,
	op->timeout);

	dbus_message_unref(msg);
	if (pending == NULL) {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;
	services__finalize_async_op(op);

	} else {
	services_set_op_pending(op, pending);
	}
	}
	}

	static gboolean
	systemd_timeout_callback(gpointer p)
	{
	svc_action_t * op = p;

	op->opaque->timerid = 0;
	crm_warn("%s operation on systemd unit %s named '%s' timed out", op->action, op->agent, op->rsc);
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_TIMEOUT;
	services__finalize_async_op(op);
	return FALSE;
	}

	/*!
	* \internal
	* \brief Execute a systemd action
	*
	* \param[in] op Action to execute
	*
	* \return Standard Pacemaker return code
	* \retval EBUSY Recurring operation could not be initiated
	* \retval pcmk_rc_error Synchronous action failed
	* \retval pcmk_rc_ok Synchronous action succeeded, or asynchronous action
	* should not be freed (because it already was or is
	* pending)
	*
	* \note If the return value for an asynchronous action is not pcmk_rc_ok, the
	* caller is responsible for freeing the action.
	*/
	int
	services__execute_systemd(svc_action_t *op)
	{
	CRM_ASSERT(op != NULL);

	if ((op->action == NULL) \|\| (op->agent == NULL)) {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_NOT_CONFIGURED;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR_FATAL;
	goto done;
	}

	if (!systemd_init()) {
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;
	goto done;
	}

	crm_debug("Performing %ssynchronous %s op on systemd unit %s named '%s'",
	(op->synchronous? "" : "a"), op->action, op->agent,
	crm_str(op->rsc));

	if (pcmk__str_eq(op->action, "meta-data", pcmk__str_casei)) {
	op->stdout_data = systemd_unit_metadata(op->agent, op->timeout);
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_OK;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_DONE;
	goto done;
	}

	/* invoke_unit_by_name() should always override these values, which are here
	* just as a fail-safe in case there are any code paths that neglect to
	*/
	op->rc = PCMK_OCF_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
	op->status = PCMK_EXEC_ERROR;

	if (invoke_unit_by_name(op->agent, op, NULL) == pcmk_rc_ok) {
	op->opaque->timerid = g_timeout_add(op->timeout + 5000,
	systemd_timeout_callback, op);
	services_add_inflight_op(op);
	return pcmk_rc_ok;
	}

	done:
	if (op->synchronous) {
	return (op->rc == PCMK_OCF_OK)? pcmk_rc_ok : pcmk_rc_error;
	} else {
	return services__finalize_async_op(op);
	}
	}

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