Refactor: libpacemaker: New pcmk__query_node_info() function

This new internal API function queries the controller to get the node
info corresponding to a particular node ID. This includes node name,
UUID, membership state, whether the node has quorum, and whether the
node is a Pacemaker Remote node.

It can optionally print a node name message as well, though no callers
will initially use this functionality.

Signed-off-by: Reid Wahl <nrwahl@protonmail.com>