Low: libcrmcommon: improve IPC connection logging and retries

Use pcmk__connect_ipc() instead of pcmk_connect_ipc() everywhere,
since the callers have better context for error reporting. Also,
standardize on the number of attempts:

• 2 when checking for pre-existing daemon instance
• 3 for (explicit) daemon connections to other daemons
• 5 for tools and library APIs